Posted: March 24th, 2024

Anatomy And Physiology essay

Care Hope College

AP202 Lab Chap 19

Instructor: Dr. Gesner Cesar

Name:_____________________________________

Please go to Evolve Elsevier –go to your Anatomy and Physiology bookStudents Resources Chapter 19 Mechanism of diseases,

Summarize briefly these topics and provide a short definition of the following subsequent important medical term or diseases.

I-Disorders Associated with Lymphatic Vessels

a) Lymphedema

b) Elephantiasis

c) Lymphangitis,

d) Necrosis

e) Abscesses

f) Septicemia

II-Disorders Associated with Lymph Nodes and Other Lymphatic Organs

III-Lymphoma Definition and difference between:

a) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and

b) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL

IV-Hypersensitivity of the Immune system

a) Hypersensitivity Allergy

b) Allergens

c) Urticaria

d) Anaphylactic shock.

e) Antihistamines

f) Contact dermatitis,

g) Hypoallergenic

V-Autoimmunity

Autoimmune diseases Definition and 3 examples

VI-Isoimmunity

a) Isoimmunity

b) erythroblastosis fetalis.

c) Graves disease

d) Myasthenia gravis.

e) Tissue or organ transplants

f) Rejection syndrome

g) Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs)

VII-Difference Host-versus-graft rejection vs Graft-versus-host rejection

VIII-Immune deficiency

a) Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID)

b) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

c) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

d) Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumoniae

e) Kaposi sarcoma

f) Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

IX-Immunity and Cancer

Tumor-specific antigens- Definition

Tumor markers definition and the association to type of cancers

(1) Carcinoibryonic antigen (CEA)

(2) Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP

(3) CA-125

(4) Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

X-Complete the table of Examples of Autoimmune Diseases

DISEASE

POSSIBLE SELF-ANTIGEN

DESCRIPTION

Addison disease

Surface antigens on adrenal cells

Cardiomyopathy

Disease of cardiac muscle (i.e., the myocardium), resulting in loss of pumping efficiency (heart failure)

Diabetes mellitus (type 1)

Pancreatic islet cells, insulin, insulin receptors

Glomerulonephritis

Disease of the filtration apparatus of the kidney (renal corpuscle), resulting in fluid and electrolyte imbalance and possibly total kidney failure and death

Graves disease (type of hyperthyroidism)

TSH receptors on thyroid cells

Hemolytic anemia

Condition of low RBC count in the blood resulting from excessive destruction of mature RBCs (hemolysis)

Hypothyroidism

Antigens in thyroid cells

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Progressive degeneration of myelin sheaths, resulting in widespread impairment of nerve function (especially muscle control)

Myasthenia gravis

Antigens at neuromuscular junction

Pernicious anemia

Antigens on parietal cells, intrinsic factor

Reproductive infertility

Inability to produce offspring (in this case, resulting from destruction of gametes)

Rheumatic fever

Rheumatic heart disease; inflammatory cardiac damage (especially to the endocardium/valves)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Collagen

Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)

Numerous

Ulcerative colitis

Chronic inflammatory disease of the colon characterized by watery diarrhea containing blood, mucus, and pus

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