Paper2 Essay

MONICA CAMP

Last Paper

12 -04 -2018

State Constructing and the

Seek for O r der within the

Seventeenth Century

MONICA CAMP

Last Paper

12 -04 -2018

There are a number of attention-grabbing subjects of chapter 15 however I selected to focus

on just some areas like ’’ The witchcraft craze’’. Once we assume or hear the

phrase witch, most of us immediately consider H alloween or some film or previous

folktale they’ve heard. Logic tells u s that the probably hood of actual witches

flying round on brooms ticks casting spells and placing curses on individuals

are simply pure fiction.

Despite the fact that the thought makes for a terrific bedtime or

campsite spooky storyline. It is vitally exhausting to consider that a few of these wild

tales even have some fact based mostly on actual occasions effectively earlier than our time.

I can admit, I’m the beli eve what I see kind; however , m uch to my dismay, there

have been many recounts of unusual habits in the course of the 16th -17th century period .

Folks felt the necessity to blame the unexplainable and so -called bizarre

happenings on one thing or somebody. One author writes; ‘’reviews of

unusual habits, akin to Roman complaints about “Strigae,” girls who

may fly once they turned themselves into owl -like creatures and went

about stealing infants. The cult of Diana concerned nocturnal girls on

horseback, and tales circulated about peculiar pagan fertility cults.

Furthermore, there was an extended -standing custom of in style perception in varied

types of magic, practiced by many lay individuals, and sometimes to useful ends.

Crafty girls, diviners, healers, and astrologers have been amongst those that

MONICA CAMP

Last Paper

12 -04 -2018

extraordinary individuals may seek the advice of within the perception that these “spe cialists” may

make the most of the magical properties that apparently have been inherent in nature and

not the monopoly of the Christian Church. Now and again, such individuals may

flip their abilities to extra harmful ends (practising unhealthy magic or

“maleficia”) and others is perhaps extra inherently or persistently malicious ’’

(WitchcraftExplained1) . The part was not all unfavorable as many have been ready

to realize capital off being famous as witch es by promoting issues that might heal,

rid or remedy somebody. Many had come more and more increasingly more

snug and accepting of the craze as reli gion unfold forcing individuals to

assume in a different way and outdoors the field. ‘’ extra individuals have been questioning

conventional attitudes towards faith and discovering it opposite to purpose to

consider within the previous view of a world haunted by evi l spirits ’’ (Spielvogel359) .

LOUIS XVI REIGN

In case you search the web for info pertaining to Louis XVI,

you can find each enlightening and complicated data about his life,

failures , and accomplishments .

MONICA CAMP

Last Paper

12 -04 -2018

Louis ’s story begins in Versailles, the place he was born on August 23, 1754.

Married a girl named Marie Antoinette who occurred to be the

daughter of the emperor and empress of Austria in 1770; their union was

thought to have the ability to carry higher relations between France and Austria .

Relying on the place you retrieve details about Louis, you can find

accounts of a heroic ruler, in addition to habits that might be deemed

questionable for a king. Louis took over as king in 1774 , holding this

place was nothing new for his household since his grandfather; Louis XV

was the earlier ruler. A number of little unknown info about Louis exist ; like ,

‘’ 1. Few monarchs have dominated for longer.

Born in 1638, Louis XIV grew to become king at age four following the loss of life of

his father, Louis XIII, and remained on the throne for the subsequent 72

years. This marks him as each the longest -reigning French monarch in

historical past and the longest -reigning monarch of any extant European

nation.

2. Louis’ mom served as his regent.

In his will, Louis XIII organized for a regency council to rule on his

younger son’s behalf. Nonetheless, his Habsburg wif e, Anne of Austria,

orchestrated an annulment of the council and took over as sole regent.

In that capability, she and her chief minister, Italian -born Cardinal Jules

Mazarin, conflicted with the nation’s nobles and judges, who rose up

in opposition to the crown in a s eries of rebellions from 1648 to 1653. Mazarin

was finally capable of crush the dissenters, however not earlier than Louis XIV

suffered quite a few perceived humiliations, together with twice having to

flee Paris. From then on, Louis XIV distrusted not solely aristocrats and

commoners alike, but in addition Paris itself.

three. He dominated and not using a chief minister.

As a younger man, Louis XIV largely left the choice -making to Mazarin,

his mentor and godfather. However when Mazarin died in 1661, the 22 -year –

previous instantly knowledgeable his astonished courtroom that he would

henceforth rule and not using a chief minister — one thing no French king

had accomplished for generations. Although many officers apparently anticipated

him to quickly bore of this function, he continued finishing up the routine,

monotonous affairs of presidency for the remainder of his life. Sitting in on

MONICA CAMP

Last Paper

12 -04 -2018

council conferences, writing letters, studying paperwork, internet hosting international

representatives and planning army technique, he all of the whereas

consolidate d energy in his personal palms.

four. Louis thought-about himself God’ s consultant on Earth.

Though Louis XIV didn’t invent the “divine proper of kings” doctrine,

which held that monarchs derived their authority from God and have been

subsequently entitled to wield absolute energy, he was actually an

adherent. He made a partic ular level of associating himself with the

Greek and Roman solar god Apollo, adopting the solar as his emblem and

even enjoying Apollo in a royal ballet. Like many different kings, Louis XIV

additionally claimed to own miraculous therapeutic powers. On main holidays,

he we nt round touching these contaminated with scrofula (also referred to as

tuberculosis of the neck).

5. He was fairly open about his infidelities.

In 1660, Louis XIV married Marie -Th?r?se, the daughter of Spain’s

king, a politically expedient transfer that cemented peace b etween the

two nations. But he additionally took on a string of mistresses, three of whom

gained semi -official standing, showing subsequent to him at church and even

going off with him to warfare. Amongst different advantages, the primary of these

three grew to become a duchess, the second r eceived a chateau with 1,200

gardeners, and the third wed Louis XIV in a secret ceremony following

the loss of life of the queen. Lots of his i llegitimate kids got the

correct schooling and thought of a part of royal society.

6. He was a religio us bigot.

A religious Catholic, Louis XIV believed within the motto, “one king, one regulation,

one religion.” To that finish, he mercilessly cracked down on the nation’s

Protestants, often known as Huguenots, who made up roughly 5 p.c of

the inhabitants. The coup de gr?ce got here in 1685, when, in revoking the

almost century -old Edict of Nantes, he stripped them of all spiritual

and civil liberties. A whole bunch of Huguenots who continued practising

their faith have been put to loss of life and at the very least 200,000 others fled France

for lands which are extra tolerant . At across the identical time, Louis XIV

expelled all Jews from the French West Indies. He even went after

different Catholics who didn’t adhere to his slim view of the religion,

such because the Jansenists, who believed that humankind was inherently

corrupt a nd that God bestowed salvation arbitrarily. In 1709, he

MONICA CAMP

Last Paper

12 -04 -2018

banished the nuns from the motion’s fundamental convent and shortly after

ordered its destruction, all of the whereas lobbying the pope to sentence

Jansenism as heretical.

7. He was always at warfare.

Disingenuously claiming the Spanish Netherlands (roughly

similar to current -day Belgium) because the inheritance of his spouse,

Louis XIV launched the Conflict of Devolution in 1667. This invasion,

together with the Dutch Conflict (1672 -1678) and the Conflict of the Reunions

(1683 -1684), netted him quite a few new territories that stay half

of France to today. But in aggressively increasing his borders, he

attracted the enmity of a lot of the remainder of Europe, which united in a

“Grand Alliance” in opposition to him in the course of the subsequent two conflicts: The 9

Years’ Conflict (1688 -1697) and the Conflict of the Spanish Succession (1701 –

1714). With numerous lives misplaced, illness and famine rampant, the

financial system in shambles and taxes excessive, Louis XIV had an obvious

change of coronary heart late in life. “Don’t comply with the unhealthy instance that I’ve

set for you,” a dying Louis advised his inheritor. “I’ve typically undertaken warfare

too calmly and have sustained it for vainness. Don’t imitate me, however be a

peaceable prince.”

eight. Louis owned the Hope Diamond.

As one may count on from the creator of the 700 -room Palace of

Versailles, Louis XIV knew a factor or two about luxurious. One in all his

prized possessions was an immense diamond, after which known as the

French Blue, which purportedly produced the dazzling phantasm of a solar

at its heart when positioned once more st a gold background. Stolen throughout

the French Revolution, effectively after Louis XIV’s loss of life, it reemerged in

Nice Britain years later with a brand new reduce after which bounced round from

one proprietor to a different. Now often known as the Hope Diamond, this 45.52 –

carat stone, argu ably probably the most well-known jewel on this planet, is housed at

the Smithsonian’s Pure Historical past Museum in Washington, D.C. Not

till 2009, when a lead duplicate of the French Blue turned up, did

consultants verify definitively that the French Blue and the Hope

Diamond are the identical.

9. His successor was France’s second -longest -reigning monarch. Within the

previous few years of his life, Louis XIV suffered by way of a sequence of household

tragedies. First, in 1711, his son and inheritor obvious died of smallpox.

MONICA CAMP

Last Paper

12 -04 -2018

Then, the next 12 months, measles claimed the lives of a grandson and a

nice -grandson, in addition to a beloved granddaug hter -in -law. Two

grandsons remained alive. Nonetheless, one died within the aftermath of a

1714 searching accident, and the opposite was compelled to surrender the

French th rone as a part of a deal in, which he remained ruler of Spain.

Louis XIV was now right down to only one potential inheritor: a sickly nice –

grandson. Although in desperation he declared that two of his

illegitimate sons may turn into king if his direct line died out, it ne ver

got here to that. Taking up at age 5, his nice -grandson would go on to

govern France for the subsequent 59 years as Louis XV (Greenspan2015) .

The Invoice of Rights

The Invoice of Rights happened as a result of individuals have been bored with being

taken benefit of and having requirements solely apply to sure issues and

people. They looked for a solution to make issues honest and produce extra

construction. They demonstrated a modern-day protest that compelled the hand of

many individuals, carry ing forth change. ‘’ In 1688 Stuart king James II was

changed by Mary, James’s daughter, and her husband, William of

Orange. After William and Mary had assumed energy, Parliament

handed a invoice of rights that specified the rights of the parliament and

laid the inspiration for a constituti onal monarchy ’’ (Spielvogel377) .

MONICA CAMP

Last Paper

12 -04 -2018

Works Cited

Greenspan, Jesse. “”9 Issues you could not find out about Louis XIV.”” Historical past 31 august 2015.

history4everyone.wordpress.com. “”The Seventeetn Century European witchcraft Defined.”” 21 June

2012.

Spielvogel, Jackson J. Western Civilization . Cenveo, 2015.