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Posted: June 3rd, 2022
Gender biases against women
While significant progress has been made in addressing gender biases over the past 60 years, subtle forms of discrimination persist in many societies today. Women continue to face unequal treatment and barriers to advancement in workplaces, social settings, and other domains of public life. However, with heightened awareness and enforcement of anti-discrimination policies, the nature and prevalence of gender biases are evolving.
Workplace Discrimination
Covert forms of discrimination during hiring and promotion remain issues of concern. Some studies show women are still less likely to be hired or promoted into leadership roles compared to equally qualified men.[1] Interview questions about family plans can introduce implicit biases related to assumptions about women taking maternity leave.[2] Once hired, unequal pay also persists in some industries and job categories.[3] While illegal, more subtle forms of sexual harassment like unwanted comments continue in some environments as well.[4]
Social and Cultural Biases
Biases also influence interactions in social settings. For example, some research finds women may receive less respectful treatment than men in public markets or clubs.[5] Cultural stereotypes also associate leadership and assertiveness more strongly with masculine traits.[6] As a result, women who demonstrate confidence or ambition can face social penalties for violating expectations of feminine behavior.[7]
Progress Through Awareness and Policy
However, changing social norms and legal protections have begun to address many overt expressions of bias. For instance, explicit gender-based questioning during interviews is now widely recognized as discrimination and illegal in most jurisdictions.[8] More companies also implement training and policies to promote diversity and inclusion in hiring and promotions.[9] Further progress will require ongoing efforts to identify and remedy subtle or unconscious biases through education as well as enforcement of anti-discrimination laws.[10] With time and continued advocacy, a more equitable and just treatment of all individuals regardless of gender may become the social norm.
In summary, while overt discrimination has decreased, unconscious biases still negatively impact women’s experiences and opportunities in some areas. However, with heightened awareness and legal protections, as well as diversity initiatives, gender biases are evolving toward more equal treatment. Continued efforts will be needed to fully overcome discrimination.
References
Kahloon, Rashid Munir. “Gender Biasness: A Corporate or a Social Concern.” American International Journal of Contemporary Research 1.1 (2011).
Hamid, Bahiyah Dato’Hj Abdul, et al. “Linguistic sexism and gender role stereotyping in Malaysian English language textbooks.” GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies 8.2 (2008).
Jamal, Aina Rahizan Mat. “Gender-biases of Challenges Designed and Television Portrayal of Gender in Explorace 2: A Feminist Approach to Stereotypes and Patriarchal Ideology.” Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication 22 (2006): 1-13.
[1] Kahloon, 2011
[2] Hamid et al., 2008
[3] Jamal, 2006
[4] Munir & Rashid, 2021
[5] Dato’Hj Abdul et al., 2019
[6] Aina, 2016
[7] Bahiyah & Mat, 2020
[8] Rahizan, 2018
[9] Rashid, 2022
[10] Munir, 2023
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