Posted: December 20th, 2021

Describe each of the three domains of development

Part 1:

1. Describe each of the three domains of development (physical, cognitive, and psychosocial) and provide an example of each.

2.Describe one of the following theories and discuss why you agree or disagree with this theory. You can use one of the other theories to support your position.

a. Theory of moral development (Kolhberg)
b. Cognitive theory of development (Piaget)
c. Psychosocial stages of development (Erikson)

3.Think back on your high school years. Discuss how you have developed since then; cognitively, physically, and psychosocially

4.Identify three personal goals. Now, review Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Describe Maslow’s theory, and explain how your goals either align or do not align with his theory. Provide specific details to demonstrate your knowledge of Maslow’s theory.

5.Issues related to sexual orientation have been at the forefront of the current political landscape. What do you think about the legalization of same-sex marriage? Be sure to use appropriate language and discuss your position based on what you learned in this lesson.

6.Schools often use concrete rewards to increase adaptive behaviors. How might this be a disadvantage for students intrinsically motivated to learn? How do grades on assignments impact your learning?

7.Compare and contrast situational influences and dispositional influences and give an example of each. Explain how situational influences and dispositional influences might explain inappropriate behavior.

8.Name and describe at least three social roles you have adopted for yourself. Why did you adopt these roles? What are some roles that are expected of you, but that you try to resist?

9.Consider recent news stories on race and sex. Some people are more willing to openly display prejudice regarding sexual orientation than prejudice regarding race and gender, or maybe the other way around; some people are more willing to openly display prejudice regarding race than prejudice towards sexual orientation. Speculate why this might be. Use what you learned in this lesson to support your response.

Part 2:

1. During Piaget’s pre-operational stage of development a child cannot take another person’s point of view because the child’s thinking is ____.

immature

cognitively deficient

egocentric

concrete

2. Infant reflexes, interest in novelty, a desire to explore and manipulate objects, an impulse to play, and basic cognitive skills are all examples of ________.

a. Psychological Research

b. Innate Human Characteristics

c. Mental Modules

d. Both a and c

3. Language is a system that combines meaningless elements such as sounds or gestures to form structured utterances that convey meaning.

True

False

4. The Attachment Theory of Love describes which of the following attachment styles?

Secure

Anxious

Avoidant

All of the above

5. A developmental psychologist might use ________ to observe how children behave on a playground, at a daycare center, or in the child’s own home.

case studies

experiments

naturalistic observation

surveys

6. Trust versus mistrust, autonomy versus shame and doubt, identity versus role confusion, and generatively versus stagnation are all stages of the developmental theory proposed by psychoanalyst ________.

Jean Piaget

Erik Erikson

Noam Chomsky

7. ________ is a long-standing connection or bond with others.

attachment

nourishment

regard

security

8. What kinds of experiences hinder intellectual development ________?

poor prenatal care

malnutrition and exposure to toxins

stressful family circumstances

all of the above

9. Because language is too complex to be learned bit by bit, linguist, Noam Chomsky, argued that the human brain must contain a(n) ________.

verbal gene

speech program

language acquisition devise

grammatical rule

10. Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?

Erik Erikson

Jean Piaget

Lawrence Kohlberg

Sigmund Freud

11. The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic ________ needs to ________ needs to self-actualization.

biological; social

social; imaginary

special; biological

special; imaginary

12. Which of the following are good examples of the security level of needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

confidence and accomplishment

food and shelter

friends and family

safety and employment

13. The small structure in the brain that plays a key role in scrutinizing incoming information for its emotional importance is known as the ____.

amygdala

hypothalamus

pituitary gland

14. The hormone ________ promotes sexual desire in both males and females.

estrogen

leptin

testosterone

15. According to the ________ theory of emotion, emotional experiences arise from physiological arousal.

James-Lange

Cannon-Bard

Schachter-Singer two-factor

Darwinian

16. Otto is so driven to become a school psychologist that he spends every night studying. This sentence describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal, also called ________.

dysphoria

habit

instinct

motivation

17. If someone is uncomfortable identifying with the gender normally associated with their biological sex, then he or she could be classified as experiencing __________.

homosexuality

bisexuality

heterosexuality

gender dysphoria

18. The process that takes place within people or animals that causes them to move toward a goal or away from an unpleasant situation refers to ________.

set point

courage

fear

motivation

19. Three-year-old Tommy thinks that if he changed from wearing pants to wearing dresses he could become a girl. Tommy still lacks a stable _____.

gender typing identity

gender identity

transgender identity

20. Luis works part-time after school to earn money so he can afford a secondhand motorcycle. Luis is working because of ________ motivation.

emotion

extrinsic

habit

intrinsic

21. What is the just-world hypothesis?

a belief common in the United States that rejects the idea that people get the outcomes they deserve

a belief common in the United States that we will be rewarded in the afterlife

an ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve

an ideology common in the United States that the rich are bad people who will eventually be punished

22. Cognitive dissonance is a state of tension that occurs when a person’s belief contradicts his or her behavior.

True

False

23. Following an outcome, ________ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light.

egocentric bias

fundamental bias

interpersonal bias

self-serving bias

24. Rules that regulate social life, including explicit laws and implicit cultural conventions are called ________.

roles

laws

nuances

norms

25. What is groupthink?

arguments between group members that result in the dissolution of the group

modification of the opinions of leadership to agree with the numerical minority

modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus

pressure from above on group members designed to eliminate leadership

26. What is a major problem with the original Milgram study?

Milgram falsified his results, making his study unreliable.

Milgram lied to his respondents, making his study borderline unethical.

Milgram never published his finding, making his reported results questionable.

Milgram was too truthful with his subjects, making his study invalid.

27. Who conducted the Stanford prison experiment?

Asch

Milgram

Rosenthal

Zimbardo

28. A fight breaks out on a high school campus. Even though one student is hurt and obviously needs medical attention, no one in the crowd makes an effort to Help him. Psychologists would explain an individual’s reluctance to help when others are present as ________.

groupthink

diffusion of responsibility

compliance

conformity

29. A strong, unreasonable dislike or hatred of a group based on a negative stereotype is a ________.

social identity

prejudice

ethnic identity

30. An expectation that comes true because the person behaves in ways that make the expectation come true is known as a ________ prophecy.

goal specific

self-fulfilling

religious

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