Posted: July 14th, 2022

Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms and Assessment Tools for Patient Symptoms

Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms and Assessment Tools for Patient Symptoms
Theoretical Framework of Unpleasant Symptoms and Methods for Evaluating Patient Symptoms

According to the theory of unpleasant symptoms, medical professionals should search for an all-encompassing approach to investigate various aspects of symptom experiences. These aspects should include the causes that influence symptoms as well as the repercussions of the symptoms. The hypothesis has been used extensively to a wide range of patient demographics and symptoms. Notably, the assumption that symptoms share a lot in common served as the foundation for the theory (Gomes et al., 2019). As a consequence of this, the hypothesis is sufficiently general to be applicable to a diverse range of symptoms. Symptoms can be broken down into four different categories: time, intensity, quality, and distress. Each of these characteristics can be measured in some way. The sensation of symptoms is susceptible to being shaped by a wide range of circumstances, including physiological, psychological, and environmental components.

In addition, symptoms may have an influence on performance outcomes such as the decision to seek medical Helpance or quality of life. Notably, as the theory has progressed, greater emphasis has been placed on the potential that symptoms interact with one another and possibly catalyze one another (Iragorri & Spackman, 2018). Changes in performance may have a reciprocal effect on symptoms as well as on the factors that are being influenced, and symptoms may have an influence on the elements that are being influenced through feedback. The idea highlights the complicated nature of the symptoms, which are thought to include an infinite number of possible factors.

The patient’s mental as well as their physical symptoms should be taken into consideration when using an effective method for symptom Assessment (Christalle et al., 2019). It will ensure that their social environment and bodily symptoms are taken into consideration when managing their pain. In this article, the causes and symptoms of both acute and chronic pain, as well as the various assessment instruments that are utilized, are broken down in detail; these articles are appropriate for the patients (Gomes et al., 2019). The initial assessments will cover a lot of ground because they are used as part of much wider exercises designed to help health professionals understand why patients are seeking treatment and what treatment and interventions will be suitable for their physical symptoms, social environment, and emotional issues. This is accomplished by assessing various factors, other than just the current patient symptoms. It is necessary for the Assessment tool to offer medical professionals a more comprehensive comprehension of the condition of the patient at the present time. After this point, pain Assessments could concentrate on a more narrow spectrum of pain experiences in order to track the patient’s response to treatment, the progression of the condition, and the degree to which the individual is improving.
Additionally, the patients should be able to either lead or engage in talks regarding their pain while using the assessment tool. Before deciding on the most appropriate method of assessment, nurses are required to take the patient’s perspective into account. The most accurate technique to evaluate pain is through the use of self-reports based on pain-directed questions. The Assessment tool needs to take into account patients who are unable to vocally express pain and give a variety of approaches that patients can use to rate their level of discomfort. The instrument should evaluate the patient’s behavioral signals of pain, as well as the patient’s physiological changes (Christalle et al., 2019). In addition to this, it should investigate the psychological components of the pain. For instance, a cancer patient may be dealing with emotional concerns that are contributing to their level of discomfort. A patient in this situation has a significant load to bear in terms of treatment, which might result in other illnesses such as depression, which can make cancer symptoms worse. The diagnostic method needs to take into account social and psychological aspects that, if present, may make the physiological symptoms more severe (Melile et al., 2022). For instance, a patient who is in a great deal of pain due to cancer may exhibit behavioral indications such as sobbing and rocking. Panic episodes, which can cause a patient’s heart rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure to all spike, are another possibility for this patient.

References

Christalle, E., Zill, J. M., Frerichs, W., Harter, M., Nestoriuc, Y., Dirmaier, J., & Scholl, I. (2019). Assessment of the requirements for patient information by a methodical investigation of measures PloS One, 14(1), e0209165. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209165

Gomes, G. L. L., Oliveira, F. M. R. L. D., Barbosa, K. T. F., Medeiros, A. C. T. D., Fernandes, M. D. G. M., & Nóbrega, M. M. L. D. (2019). The theory behind distressing symptoms: a critical examination Texto & Contexto-Enfermagem, 28. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2017-0222

Iragorri, N., and E. Spackman, both of Cambridge (2018). Reviewing both the difficulties and the potential benefits of cost-effectiveness analysis in order to evaluate the usefulness of screening instruments. Public Health Reviews, Volume 39, Number 1, Pages 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-018-0093-8

Melile, M. B., Moga L. F., & Ena D. L. (2022). The purpose of this study was to investigate the pain assessment practices of nurses working in adult care units in public hospitals in the Wolaita Zone of Southern Ethiopia in the year 2021. BMC Nursing, 21(1), 1-7.

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