Posted: April 26th, 2022

Crime Scene: Biological Evidence

Part 1: Find, Identify, and Preserve
One of the aspects of forensic science that can help solve crimes for years is biological evidence. Consider a crime scene that your team might have been called to this week. The supervisor of your crime scene unit wants to see what you have learned. For Part 1, identify at least 5 different types of biological evidence and explain how to collect and preserve it.
Part 2: Significance of Evidence
In Part 1 you identified various types of biological evidence your unit located at a crime scene. Your supervisor wants you to write a report in which you explain the significance of the various types of evidence as it relates to the investigation of the crime.
Write a 350-word summary of the evidence collected and its use in forensic toxicology.
Introduction to Forensics
Crime Scene: Biological Evidence
Part 1: Find, Identify, and Preserve
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Biological Evidence Collection Method Preservation Method

Urine
Traces of urine collected using a clean cloth Stored in properly labeled airtight plastic bags.
Blood stains and blood stains Dry blood stains should be lifted using tape and placed
Wet blood stains are collected using a wet blood cloth and allowed to air dry before preservation Packaged in airtight enveloped
Fresh blood should be put in tubes and stored for analysis at a later date.
The blood wet stains are air dried before preservation.
Semen and seminal stains Taking photos of the injuries as a result of the sexual assault
vaginal and oral swabs The swabs contents are air dried for its preservation to prevent microorganism’s growth from damaging the integrity of the evidence.
Tissue, Bones and organs At the crime scene these evidences are picked using a clean pair of forceps. They are then stored in air tight containers Once the evidence is collected, for the case of a tissues it is stored in a freezer to prevent I from decomposition.
Hair particles Hair particles are collected using tweezers The hair is then put in a clean plastic bags or envelopes for storage in readiness for analysis.

Part 2: Significance of Evidence
Biological evidence entails samples of biological material such as hair, blood stains, urine, semen stains, among others. They are analyzed at a forensic laboratory before being admissible court as evidence to either exclude someone from a crime or linking a person to the crime scene. The collection and preservation of biological evidence is crucial to avoid cross contamination or distortion. Therefore, it is essential to follow the chain of custody during the process to preserver the integrity of the evidence. Biological evidence plays a very imperative role in the criminal analysis (Rao, 2020).
The significance of the biological evidence obtained from the crime scene can be sued for various test in forensic analysis. For our case, the evidence was to be used for forensic toxicology assessment. The unit I was assigned to visited a drug related crime scene where the victim had died mysteriously of suspected drug overdose. At the crime scene there were different types of biological evidence. Firstly, there was blood stains, using the tapes we lifted the blood stains and stored them in plastic bags to secure them. Secondly, we collected hair particles using tweezers (Zahra, 2017). The biological evidence will come in handy for forensic toxicology to try and identify the perpetrator and determine if he or she was under the influence of drugs. Since the DNA of individual are not identical, the samples from the evidence will generate a rare specificity of genetic profile. According to research 1 person in every 4 trillion persons chosen at random are likely to possess identical DNA genotype. This is important advantage of the use of biological evidence to solve cases.
Forensic toxicology entails the analytical chemistry to determine the presence of drugs or toxic substances in a sample. For the forensic toxicology analysis, these biological evidences will come in handy. For essences the hair over the past few years has been used extensively for forensic toxicology analysis. Secondly, blood is used primarily for the toxicology assessments following the death of a person. It is put under an array of tests either using the capillary methods or HPCL techniques to expose the level of toxins in the sample (Dinis-Oliveira, 2016). Another important sample is the urine which is tested through the urine drug test to determine of the person was under the of controlled substances. Forensic toxicology plays an important role in crime investigation during investigation of drug abuse.

References

Dinis-Oliveira, R. J., Vieira, D. N., & Magalhães, T. (2016). Guidelines for collection of biological samples for clinical and forensic toxicological analysis. Forensic sciences research, 1(1), 42-51.
Rao, Dinis-Oliveira, R. J., Vieira, D. N., & Magalhães, T. (2016). Guidelines for collection of biological samples for clinical and forensic toxicological analysis. Forensic sciences research, 1(1), 42-51. P. K., Pandey, G., & Tharmavaram, M. (2020). Biological Evidence and Their Handling. Technology in Forensic Science: Sampling, Analysis, Data and Regulations, 35-53.
Zahra, N. (2017). Biological Evidence: Collection, Transportation and Preservation. In Forensic Evidence Management (pp. 29-42). CRC Press.

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