Posted: June 19th, 2023

Tuberculosis: An Epidemiological Analysis and the Role of Community Health Nurses

NRS427 Communicable Disease Chain
Tuberculosis: An Epidemiological Analysis and the Role of Community Health Nurses
RUBRIC:

1-Comprehensive Description of a Communicable Disease and the Demographic of Interest: Overview describing the demographic of interest and clinical description of the communicable disease is presented with a thorough, accurate, and clear overview of all of the clinical descriptors.

2-Determinants of Health and Explanation of How Determinants Contribute to Disease Development:Paper comprehensively discusses the determinants of health in relation to the communicable disease, explains their contribution to disease development, and provides evidence to support main points.

3-Epidemiologic Triangle (Host Factors, Agent Factors, and Environmental Factors):The communicable disease is described thoroughly, accurately, and clearly within an epidemiological model. A visual description of the model and how the components of the model interact is included.

4-Role of the Community Health Nurse:Discussion of the role of the community health nurse is clear, comprehensive, and inclusive of the community nurse’s responsibilities to primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention through tasks such as case finding, reporting, data collection and analysis, and follow up.

5-National Agency or Organization That Works to Addresses Communicable Disease:An agency or organization is identified. A clear and accurate description of efforts to address communicable disease is offered.

6-Thesis Development and Purpose:Thesis is comprehensive, contained within the thesis is the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.

7-Paragraph Development and Transitions:There is a sophisticated construction of paragraphs and transitions. Ideas progress and relate to each other. Paragraph and transition construction guide the reader. Paragraph structure is seamless.

8-Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use):Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

9-Global Implication:A discussion of the global implication of the disease is clear, comprehensive, and inclusive with a comprehensive description of how this is addressed in other countries or cultures and if the disease is endemic to a particular area. An example is provided.

10-Paper Format:All format elements are correct.

11-Research Citations (In-text citations for paraphrasing and direct quotes, and reference page listing and formatting, as appropriate to assignment):In-text citations and a reference page are complete. The documentation of cited sources is free of error.

Write a paper (2,000-2,500 words) in which you apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing research to a communicable disease. Refer to “Communicable Disease Chain,” “Chain of Infection,” and the CDC website for Helpance completing this assignment.

NRS427 Communicable Disease Chain
Communicable Disease Selection

Choose one communicable disease from the following list:

Chickenpox

Tuberculosis

Influenza

Mononucleosis

Hepatitis B

HIV

Ebola

Measles

Polio

Influenza

Epidemiology Paper Requirements

Address the following:

Describe the communicable disease (causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment) and the demographic of interest (mortality, morbidity, incidence, and prevalence). Is this a reportable disease? If so, provide details about reporting time, whom to report to, etc.

Describe the determinants of health and explain how those factors contribute to the development of this disease.

Discuss the epidemiologic triangle as it relates to the communicable disease you have selected. Include the host factors, agent factors (presence or absence), and environmental factors. (The textbook describes each element of the epidemiologic triangle). Are there any special considerations or notifications for the community, schools, or general population?

Explain the role of the community health nurse (case finding, reporting, data collecting, data analysis, and follow-up).

Identify at least one national agency or organization that addresses the communicable disease chosen and describe how the organization(s) contributes to resolving or reducing the impact of disease.

Discuss a global implication of the disease. How is this addressed in other countries or cultures? Is this disease endemic to a particular area? Provide an example.

A minimum of three peer-reviewed or professional references is required.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success. NRS427 Communicable Disease Chain.

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Tuberculosis: An Epidemiological Analysis and the Role of Community Health Nurses

Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious communicable disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also target other parts of the body. TB remains a significant global health concern, affecting millions of people each year. This paper will explore the clinical description of TB, its determinants of health, the epidemiologic triangle, the role of community health nurses in TB prevention and control, relevant national agencies or organizations addressing TB, and the global implications of the disease.

Comprehensive Description of Tuberculosis and the Demographic of Interest:
Tuberculosis is characterized by symptoms such as persistent cough, chest pain, fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, and sometimes hemoptysis. The disease is primarily transmitted through the inhalation of respiratory droplets containing the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. Individuals with weakened immune systems, including those with HIV/AIDS, malnutrition, or other comorbidities, are particularly susceptible to TB. The disease can have severe consequences, including death, if left untreated. Mortality rates are higher among vulnerable populations, such as individuals with limited access to healthcare and marginalized communities.

Determinants of Health and Contribution to Disease Development:
Various determinants of health contribute to the development and spread of tuberculosis. Socioeconomic factors, including poverty, overcrowded living conditions, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure, increase the risk of TB transmission. Other determinants include individual factors (e.g., immunocompromised status), behavioral factors (e.g., substance abuse, non-adherence to treatment), and environmental factors (e.g., indoor air pollution). These determinants interact and amplify the spread of TB within communities.

Epidemiologic Triangle and Considerations for the Community:
The epidemiologic triangle provides a framework for understanding the interplay of host, agent, and environmental factors in the transmission of TB. Host factors include susceptibility, immunocompromised status, and behaviors that increase the risk of exposure. The agent factor is the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium itself, which can be present in latent or active forms. Environmental factors, such as overcrowded living conditions, poor ventilation, and inadequate access to healthcare, contribute to the transmission and persistence of TB within communities. Special considerations include the need for contact investigations, ensuring prompt diagnosis and treatment, and providing education to the community about TB prevention.

Role of the Community Health Nurse:
Community health nurses play a crucial role in the prevention, control, and management of TB. Their responsibilities encompass case finding, which involves screening and identifying individuals at risk of TB, facilitating prompt diagnosis and treatment, reporting cases to the appropriate authorities, and conducting contact investigations. Community health nurses also collect and analyze data to monitor the disease’s prevalence and incidence, assess the effectiveness of interventions, and provide follow-up care to ensure treatment adherence and minimize transmission.

National Agency or Organization Addressing Tuberculosis:
One notable national agency addressing TB is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States. The CDC works to prevent the spread of TB by conducting surveillance, providing guidelines for diagnosis and treatment, and supporting research initiatives. It collaborates with state and local health departments, healthcare providers, and community organizations to implement strategies aimed at reducing the impact of TB.

Global Implications and Endemic Areas:
TB is a global health concern, with the highest burden of disease found in low- and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) is actively involved in addressing the global impact of TB through the End TB Strategy. This initiative aims to reduce TB-related deaths, new cases, and catastrophic costs associated with the disease. TB is endemic in several regions, including sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and Eastern Europe. For example, in South Africa, the high prevalence of TB is compounded by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, making it a significant public health challenge.

Tuberculosis remains a major communicable disease with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the clinical description, determinants of health, and the epidemiologic triangle is crucial for developing effective prevention and control strategies. Community health nurses play a vital role in TB prevention through their involvement in case finding, reporting, data collection, and follow-up care. National agencies like the CDC contribute to reducing the impact of TB, while global efforts, led by organizations like the WHO, aim to address the disease’s global implications. By implementing comprehensive and collaborative interventions, TB can be controlled and its burden reduced, particularly in high-risk populations and endemic areas.

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