Posted: June 9th, 2023

Lawrence Kohlberg’s stages of moral development are a theoretical framework

Some of your responses may require additional academic support beyond the textbook, scholarly sources are books, peer reviewed journals, and scholarly websites:

.gov, .edu, .org. examples- (National Institute of Mental Health, APA.org, WebMD MayoClinic)

1.Explain bullying and some influences that can cause bullying in children (provide academic support-reference). Explain the different peer statuses and the different styles of friendships and relationships found in children. Also explain the different forms/styles of aggression.

2. Name/Explain two different types of family structures/dynamics how can this affect children, explain at least two different ways.

3. Explain the different types of memory and forming childhood memories Explain the different language milestones in childhood and apply it to their development and behaviors.

Could environmental and genetic influences impact language development explain your reasons(give outside academic support-reference)

4. Explain some contributing factors of childhood obesity and sleep disturbances. Explain the WPPSI and WISC Intelligence tests, what are some of the subtests. Explain how to compute an IQ score, and name some environmental and genetic influences on IQ

(give outside academic support-reference).

Define two learning disabilities.

5. Please explain the developmental, social, cultural and psychological influences gender typing has on children, example their gender roles, gender-typing, and gender stereotypes. (give outside support reference)

Explain/Define Children Cognitive Levels of Play

6.Name a Childhood disorder/Health Problem on children and explain what it is, symptoms, and treatments associated to it.

Name two childhood sleep disorders

7. Name/explain two types of child maltreatment/abuse on children and how can this affect a child psychologically (give support)

8.

Explain the different forms of discipline/parenting styles and how these styles of punishment/parenting styles can influence/impact children behavior and psychological development.

(please give outside academic support-reference)

Explain Kholberg’s stages of development and moral development

9 Name two early-childhood educational programs and their benefits.

10.Explain emotional intelligence in children (provide academic support)

Explain ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorders/Treatments and Symptoms( provide academic support)

Explain Kholberg’s stages of development and moral development

________________________
Lawrence Kohlberg’s stages of moral development are a theoretical framework that describes the moral reasoning and development of individuals across different ages. Kohlberg proposed six stages of moral development, grouped into three main levels: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional.

Pre-conventional Level:
a. Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation – In this stage, individuals focus on avoiding punishment and obeying authority figures. Moral decisions are based on self-interest and the fear of consequences.
b. Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange – At this stage, individuals begin to understand that there are different viewpoints and that different people have different interests. Moral decisions are driven by self-interest and the idea of reciprocity.

Conventional Level:
a. Stage 3: Interpersonal Relationships – This stage is characterized by a desire for social approval and maintaining good relationships with others. Moral decisions are based on living up to social expectations and norms.
b. Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order – At this stage, individuals develop a strong sense of duty and respect for authority. Moral decisions are made to maintain social order and follow established rules.

Post-conventional Level:
a. Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights – Individuals at this stage recognize that rules and laws are not absolute and can be changed if they violate basic human rights or democratic principles. Moral decisions are based on a sense of social contract and the greater good.
b. Stage 6: Universal Principles – In this final stage, individuals develop their own set of ethical principles based on universal human rights and justice. Moral decisions are guided by abstract reasoning and the individual’s internal moral compass.

It’s important to note that not everyone reaches the highest stages of moral development, and progression through the stages can vary across individuals and cultures. Kohlberg’s theory has been influential in understanding moral reasoning, but it has also been criticized for its limited cultural and gender perspectives.

Reference:
Kohlberg, L. (1981). The Philosophy of Moral Development: Moral Stages and the Idea of Justice. Harper & Row.
Kumar, S. and Choudhury, S., 2023. Cognitive morality and artificial intelligence (AI): a proposed classification of AI systems using Kohlberg’s theory of cognitive ethics. Technological Sustainability.
Arami, S., Dehghan, A., Sarati, Z. and Hajizadeh, H., 2022. Ethical analysis of the parables of Ganjavi’s Makhzan al-Asrar based on Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of stages of moral development. Journal of Pedagogic and Lyric in Persian Language and Literature Studies Quarterly, 14(53).

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