Posted: January 26th, 2023

A ethical and legal issue related to genetic/genomic research

* Due to changes in our roster, group members are subject to change until beginning of week 3 (January 24 2023).
Part I
choose and explain the ethical and legal issues with one of the followings
• Genetic/genomic research
Respond:
• Take a position on the topic and include evidence to support your position.
Explain why your group agrees or disagrees with the stance and provide citations or evidence to support it. Be constructive and professional in your responses. Remember to format in APA which avoids “I,” “we,” “you,” and similar pronouns. Recommend using terms like “the group” or “the nurses.”
Part II:
Summarize and apply the decision-making model you employed and the process used to arrive at your position.
Review the following resources from this week’s University Library Readings if you need additional information about ethical decision-making models:
• An Integrated Ethical Decision-Making Model for Nurses
• Nursing Ethics in Everyday Practice: A Step-By-Step Guide, Ch. 2: Ethical Decision-Making
*** see attached two articles ****
Format your assignment as one of the following:

• 875-word paper
•

Cite at least 3 peer-reviewed sources published within the last 5 years that support your positions.
Include an APA-formatted reference list.

A ethical and legal issue related to genetic/genomic research is the potential for discrimination based on genetic information. Genetic information can be used to discriminate against individuals in areas such as employment, insurance, and access to healthcare. This is a serious concern, as individuals may be denied opportunities or face unfair treatment based on factors beyond their control.
The group agrees that steps must be taken to prevent genetic discrimination in all forms. This can be achieved through the implementation of laws and regulations that prohibit discrimination on the basis of genetic information. Additionally, education and awareness programs can be implemented to educate individuals, employers, and insurance companies about the potential risks of genetic discrimination and the importance of protecting individual rights.
One example of a law that aims to prevent genetic discrimination is the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) of 2008 in the United States. This law prohibits discrimination based on genetic information in the workplace and in health insurance. However, GINA does not cover life, long-term care, and disability insurance, which leaves a gap in protection against genetic discrimination.
Another example is the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) which came into effect in 2018, which among other things, provides protection for genetic data. It applies to all organizations operating within the EU and to organizations outside of the EU that offer goods or services to individuals within the EU.
Moreover, The group also recognizes the importance of informed consent and confidentiality in genetic research. This includes ensuring that individuals fully understand the potential risks and benefits of participating in genetic research, and that their genetic information is kept confidential and protected from misuse.
The group employed the ethical decision-making model outlined in “An Integrated Ethical Decision-Making Model for Nurses” which is a six-step process. The first step is to identify the ethical issue and gather relevant information. In this case, the ethical issue is the potential for discrimination based on genetic information. The second step is to identify the stakeholders involved and their interests. The stakeholders in this case include individuals who may be affected by genetic discrimination, employers, insurance companies, and researchers. The third step is to identify the moral principles and values at stake. In this case, the principles of non-discrimination, autonomy, and confidentiality are at stake.
The fourth step is to generate alternatives and evaluate the potential consequences of each alternative. The group considered several alternatives, such as implementing laws and regulations to prohibit genetic discrimination, implementing education and awareness programs, and ensuring informed consent and confidentiality in genetic research. The fifth step is to make a decision and take action. The group decided that steps must be taken to prevent genetic discrimination in all forms, including implementing laws and regulations and education and awareness programs, and ensuring informed consent and confidentiality in genetic research. The final step is to evaluate the decision and its consequences.
The group believes that steps must be taken to prevent genetic discrimination in all forms. This can be achieved through the implementation of laws and regulations that prohibit discrimination on the basis of genetic information and education and awareness programs that aim to educate individuals, employers, and insurance companies about the potential risks of genetic discrimination and the importance of protecting individual rights. Additionally, the group recognizes the importance of informed consent and confidentiality in genetic research.

References:
American Medical Association. (2019). Genetic information nondiscrimination act (GINA). Retrieved from https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/genetic-information-nondiscrimination-act-gina
European Union. (2018). General data protection regulation (GDPR). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-topic/data-protection_en

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