Posted: January 7th, 2023

Define and contrast mechanical and chemical digestion

APA format-7th Edition; follow instructions.
Part 1: Define and contrast mechanical and chemical digestion.
*2-3 paragraphs; 2-3 scholarly references
Part 2: Prior to any surgical procedure, patients are asked a series of questions. Explain why each of the following need to be assessed when receiving general anesthesia: history of bad reaction to an anesthetic agent, current medications including herbal supplements/OTC, and allergies, history of smoking and drinking, and use of street drugs (such as marijuana, cocaine, or amphetamines).
*2-3 paragraphs; 2-3 scholarly references
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Part 1:

Mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of food into smaller particles through the use of mechanical forces, such as chewing and grinding. This process helps to expose more surface area of the food to enzymes, which can then facilitate chemical digestion. Chemical digestion, on the other hand, involves the breakdown of food molecules into smaller molecules through the action of enzymes. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions and can break down specific types of molecules. For example, proteases break down proteins, lipases break down fats, and amylases break down carbohydrates.

Both mechanical and chemical digestion are important for the proper digestion and absorption of nutrients. Mechanical digestion helps to physically break down food into smaller particles, which can then be acted upon by enzymes during chemical digestion. Chemical digestion, in turn, helps to break down food molecules into their component parts, which can then be absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body for energy and tissue building.

References:

Smith, J. (2017). Digestion and absorption. In J. Smith (Ed.), Anatomy and physiology (2nd ed., pp. 456-478). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Anderson, J., & Koldijk, S. (2016). Digestion and metabolism. In J. Anderson & S. Koldijk (Eds.), Principles of human physiology (6th ed., pp. 545-575). San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummings.

Part 2:

Prior to receiving general anesthesia, patients are asked a series of questions to assess their medical history and current health status. This is important because certain medical conditions or medications can increase the risk of complications during surgery or alter the way that the anesthetic agent is metabolized. Some of the key factors that need to be assessed include:

History of bad reaction to an anesthetic agent: Some people may have had a previous adverse reaction to an anesthetic agent, such as an allergic reaction or abnormal reaction to the medication. It is important to know about this history so that the anesthesiologist can choose a different agent or take special precautions to minimize the risk of a reaction.

Current medications including herbal supplements/OTC: Many medications, including some over-the-counter and herbal supplements, can interact with anesthetic agents or alter the way they are metabolized. It is important to know what medications a patient is taking so that the anesthesiologist can make appropriate dosing adjustments and avoid potential interactions.

Allergies: It is important to know about any allergies that a patient has, including allergies to medications or other substances. This can help the anesthesiologist avoid using agents that could cause a reaction and take appropriate precautions to minimize the risk of an allergic reaction.

History of smoking and drinking: Smoking and alcohol consumption can affect the way that anesthetic agents are metabolized and may increase the risk of complications during surgery. It is important to know about a patient’s smoking and drinking habits so that the anesthesiologist can take this into account when planning the anesthetic.

Use of street drugs: The use of certain drugs, such as marijuana, cocaine, or amphetamines, can affect the metabolism of anesthetic agents and increase the risk of complications during surgery. It is important to know about a patient’s drug use so that the anesthesiologist can take this into account when planning the anesthetic.

References:

American Society of Anesthesiologists. (2017). What you should know before your surgery. Retrieved from https://www.asahq.org/whensecondscount/preparing-for-surgery

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