Posted: December 6th, 2022

How drones threaten National Security?

Writing a scientific article about the threats of the drones
1)What is the issue with drones flying over secured zones like airports,Military base ?2-Their dangers and problems (collision hazard , financial, political, intelligent problems) 3 – Solutions (Detection solutions,Mitigation of drone threats , Signal Jamming ,Net capturing)
4 – Adding some figures.
How drones threaten National Security?
In the recent years, there have been a significant increase in the number of drones used across the world, which has come with a continuous rise in the demand of multi-purpose applications. The drones have been considered in a pervasive way as they answer people’s needs through providing the users with a bird’s eye with the freedom to activate and use almost any place and anytime. The drones have increased their use due to their ability to offer features like live video streaming, real-time video and image capture together with flying and transportation of goods.
It is project ( help with nursing paper writing from experts with MSN & DNP degrees)ed that in the next five years, there will be more than ten thousand drones operating for commercial use. That comes due to their advantages over expensive and bulky commercial helicopters in terms of cost and budget. Technological advancements continue to enable easier manipulations through smart-phones to fly mini-drones without the need for remote controllers. It is also important to consider, apart from commercial and personal use, the law enforcement and border control surveillance agencies utilize drones. From the wider perspective, the drones have been and can been employed during natural disasters, search and rescue teams in gathering information and dropping essential supplies.
However, there has also a rise of malicious use of drones which are being utilized by criminals and cyber-criminals. The feature that they are easy to control in the performance of different attacks. The frequency and probability of drone attacks have become high and the impact considered dangerous following devastating effects. There have been a variety of ways that drones have been used to accomplish malicious purposes. There has been the exploitation of drones’ vulnerabilities within communication links, hardware such as tablets and smart devices as smart-phones.
Particularly, the flying of drones over secured zones including airports and military bases has created a lot of issues. Flying drones have hovered over stadiums and crashed on the stands, others have shut down airports. Other drones have been used to spy on soldiers while others have even dropper crude IEDs with precision. The availability of cheap, capable drones for the general public even in the civilian air traffic controllers to the front-line military commanders creates a threat to everyone and requires new and specialized technologies to deal with the threat pose. Drone technology is moving fast and the environment is reacting to the extension of the technology and there is the need to system engineer a solution to the problem.
Drones hovering over airports have become a problem as the airport radars are designed to check and monitor the position of planes. However, planes and drones do not appear the same. Traditionally, air control radar is good at tracking a jetliner from many miles away, however, the problem is that drones can be trouble. They are trouble for air traffic control radar as they fly below 3,500 feet which is far lower than air traffic control radars, according to the classification of the U.S Department of Defense as class 1 and class 2. Drones are referred to as class 1 and class 2 unmanned aerial system for flying extremely low for radars won’t look that low and thereby won’t see the UAS approaching the airfield.
The airports will have to get a radar with a low gaze and a fast update rate. In another consideration, the drones would introduce few seconds between blips within the monitoring of big commercial planes as on a planned trajectory, as well as the highly unpredictable flight patterns of the drones is another issue. For the air traffic controllers, detection would be the response required to deal with the flying of drones within the airport. Airport radar would be required to have a system that flags a drone in a restricted area flying within the five miles of the airport to make sure it does not go farther.
For military base, drones are currently considered to pose a lethal power. The base commanders in the national are worried about the increased illegal flights buzzing over the military bases. There are federal no-fly zones for drones which are labelled be sensitives and restricted airspace within the countries, however, over 100 drone sightings have been recorded in the areas. The military base commanders see it as an issue as the technology can be used at home and also by malicious people. It is more an issue as the military is not prepared as it needs to be in dealing with any threats posed by hovering drones. From the Defense Department, anti-drones’ powers within the United States signed as an acknowledgement of the threat.
From the perspective of military base commanders, any tools and technology can be misused and drones as a new technology adopted in the society, poses broad new dangers and are way beyond regulatory measures. There are different drones while other are controlled by remote, there those that fly autonomously. All different drones can also carry hacking devices, explosives, surveillance cameras for long distance and most important, they can be easily used to evade ground defenses. According to analysts specialized on counter-drone operations, military bases and other critical assets within the United States have faced attacks from nefarious Unmanned aircraft systems. It is also project ( help with nursing paper writing from experts with MSN & DNP degrees)ed that within time these unmanned aircraft systems would be responsible for deaths either directly or indirectly as well as the interference of critical infrastructure in homeland.
For military bases, have designed to counter unmanned aircraft system by the U.S Army. Some counter-drone operation involves flying in swarms and seekers and warhead that eliminate any hostile drones. Another counter-drone technology is the Stinger missile which was initially for taking down helicopter has been conjectured with a special fuse that can be used to defeat drones through detonating around them. The threat posed by drones are changing on a daily basis. The current drones are dependent on Wi-Fi and GPS and are still susceptible to weather conditions. The military perspective must consider that the threat posed by drones may be different tomorrow.
Their Dangers and Problems
Along with drones becoming an everyday consumer electronic device, their technological advancements have poses dangers as the devices advances faster than the security measures in place. Drones have caused injury to those their owners. The dangers of drones affect those that sustain injuries operating instructed or regular use of the drones. Drones are considered dangerous for many reasons. In most cases, when a remote control is connected to operate it, the harm caused to someone maybe inadvertent when it crashes into something or someone. The noise project ( help with nursing paper writing from experts with MSN & DNP degrees)ed by a drone can prevent someone from knowing when it smashes into a property and causing someone an injury. The drones have sharp blades are capable of lacerating the skin of someone. Other dangers involve the occurrences where the drone can lead to distraction for other flying crafts mid-flight causing massive accidents with larger aircrafts.
A recent drone incident includes one that was observed over the Istanbul Airport within a protected area from an electronic intrusion prevented the remote-controlled machine. There are significant dangers from drones operated which include, curious, clueless, careless and criminal. It has been considered that drones also called unmanned aircraft system are relatively cheap and easy to operate as well as the little regulatory control. There is also no guidance required to fly safely within the national air space.

The first dangers involve curious, clueless and careless which pose a danger in that they can interrupt life significantly. Drones have contributed largely to interruption of airport operations, wildland firefighting operations as well as interference on medical helicopter flights. It is a danger in most cases when people fly drones trying to be curious to see what they can see. The clueless danger comes when the operator of the drone does not understand the required responsibility that is held by other manned pilots. For the careless people, the dangers are associated with the lack of consideration for regulations and safety while operating the drones.
Criminality is a danger that is associated with the use of drones due to the possibility to connect surveillance cameras. Criminal minds are the most dangerous when the operators have nefarious intentions. The danger also posed by drones when they have been used for illicit activities as well as the transport of illegal drugs, dropping contrabands such as drugs, cell phones and weapons inside prison yards and carrying weapons such as firearms, flame throwers and explosives.
According recent studies, a high speed collision with a drone would cause airliner significant structural damage. An Assessment was conducted to analyze the impact of quadcopters and fixed wing drones on a commercial airliner and business airliner. It was found that a collision with a drone cause significant more damage to the planes than the impact of a soft tissue of a bird. The Federal Aviation Administration termed it dangerous and illegal for drones around the airplanes, helicopters and airports. It has been clearly indicated that the dangers from drones operated unsafely and unmonitored in the national airspace are real following the two recent midair collisions. There has been sufficient evidence that show near misses between drones and manned aircraft are occurring more often and it is required to act before any tragedy strikes.
Drones carry inherent political costs for the regime that allows their freedom. For domestic populations, the drone represents a distant and unaccountable foreign power if the right to kill the drones. Countries such as Pakistan have had a resistance to drones which have been heavily discussed in the Parliament with over consideration of the effects. The problems with the drones are bad in consideration that they happen without broader political, social and economic policies. Future drone technology is designed to make the unmanned aircraft systems for autonomous which involve substantial costs imposed for human controlled aircraft.
Solutions
A number of ways have been used to address potential drone threats from commercial-off-the-shelf drones which have been weaponized with intentions to attack the U.S. There has been a combination of 21 federal rules and regulations in prohibiting the use of counter drone technology except for specific federal homeland security agencies and the military.
It should be required for drones to be registered. Most drones have not been registered which makes it extreme difficult to identify the drone pilot. Among the counter drone technology, there is no aspect addressing the various unregistered drones. Understanding the implications of taking down drone involves the possibility that people can be injured. In terms of regulations, FAA has issued temporary flight restrictions which are specific for drones. Other solutions involve the successful passive counter drone technology used for the identification of the location of the drone and the remote pilot. The solution allows the law enforcement to locate and mitigate any inappropriate drone flights. This solution has increased the required balance for enabling drones for good and countering drones for bad and a comprehensive air traffic management system for manned and unmanned aircraft.
Drone Detection: Drone detection technology works to detect unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). There are different technologies used to detect drone activity in the airspace with varying technology their capabilities with respect to drone size and detection range. In terms of detection, the drones that operate on the Radio frequency communication can be tracked through the Radio Frequency sensors while the other GPS programmed are tracked using Radar detection. Another detection, involve the visual detection technology like Pan, Tilt and Zoom Cameras that get visuals on the detected drones as well as confirm a drone threat. The detection solutions involve drone threats should be considered in terms of limitations of each type of technology. In other, some detection technologies create the most suitable for particular environments. The technologies accurately detect and track most drones when they are layering and using technologies together.
Signal jamming is another solution for the drones through the deliberate radio signal interruptions and ways to interfere with a pilot and their drone. Jamming involves the intentional using the transmission blocking signal for the disruption of communications between the pilot and the drone. After the jamming, the drone is forced to land on the spot halting further movement and the other option is to return to the home location. The return options are normally preset with GPS which automatically the drone flies where it took off when it loses connection. Jamming is actual an incomplete countermeasure as it would be dangerous if it was carrying a sensitive payload which would be dangerous if it crashes while landing. Signal jamming is not effective in that it does not locate the pilot, flightpath and the identify any characteristics of the drone. However, it is the preferred and safest method used in the control of rogue Unmanned aircraft systems.
Net capturing also known as Drone Netting are used when the drone breaches jamming signal which involve the larger drones carrying nets to physically snare the rogue Unmanned aircraft to bring it down from the sky. In the situation, mostly the drone falls from the sky and it would result to total destruction of the drone and not one piece will be recovered. Net capturing has been improved with the creation of a drone-catcher that are used to ensnare rogue unmanned aerial vehicles through shooting a net which have been employed to stop drones that fly into restricted airspace. Advancements to the net capture involving drones that fly autonomously and be flown by a pilot. Another advancement would be that the catcher drone does not let the rogue UAS drop the ground and carries it until it reaches a secure area.
Anti-drone net gun is an advancement to the solution of net capturing which involves pointing the gun to the rogue flying drone. The solutions, though, comes with the caution that if the drone is a threat it would not be advisable to shoot it down as it would contain explosives and blow up on you. For the drone net gun, it can be easily assembled from hardware store items including a plastic slingshot that would release a net from the user. A drone catcher system involves the removal of intruding drones would develop a drone-mounted net cannon that can capture another drone in flight from a distance. Firing a net at a drone works as it make contact with the drone it stops it by prohibiting the rotor blades. There three main types of drones which include, Net Cannon, Net cannon fired from another drone and the hanging net deployed from a net drone. These are effective in physically capturing the drone which offers an opportunity for forensics and prosecution of the perpetrators. Ground-launched net cannons are semi-automatic employ a high accuracy for drone deployed nets for long range and also involves a low risk for collateral damage. Several integrations for counter-drone involve radars into modular counter-drone system which increases the accuracy of detecting and dealing with rogue drones.
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