Posted: November 8th, 2022

Case Assignment

Case Assignment
Please answer the following questions in a 2- to 3-page paper:
1 A doctoral student is conducting a non-concurrent cohort study on the risk factors of a chronic disease. Tables 1 and 2 provide a summary of data that was collected on the 19,753 patients. Table 1 present the results of three Factors (A17, B24, C32)—note that these are just variable names—and they could represent variables such as age, race, sex, etc. Table two presents results by smoking level. Table 3 provides a summary of the multivariate analysis of the three variables and—in this case since the outcome is dichotomous (i.e. either you have the disease or you don’t) we can use logistic regression model to study mulitple factors (such as A17 and different smoking levels) on the outcome and come up with adjusted Odds Ratios.
Table 1
Risk Factor Present Risk Factor Absent
Factor Total Patients with Chronic Disease Total Patients with
Chronic Disease
Factor A17 2785 26 16968 170
Factor B24 2009 32 17744 164
Factor C32 641 13 19112 183
Table 2
Total Patients Number of Patients with Chronic Disease
Smoking
None
1–10 cigarettes/day
11–20 cigarettes/day
21–30 cigarettes/day
>30 cigarettes/day 5030
6061
4572
2999
1091 15
21
43
56
61

Table 3
Multivariate Analysis
Factor Adjusted OR 95% CI
Factor A17 0.86 0.55–1.29
Factor B24 1.50 0.97–2.27
Factor C32 1.98 1.03–3.50
A Which measure of association would you use for this study? Why?
B Using bivariate analysis, calculate the measure of association between the chronic disease and the following theoretical risk factors: A17, B24, C32, and smoking (at the different exposure levels). Provide 95% confidence intervals.
C In narrative form, provide a description of the results for the bivariate and multivariate analysis.
D Provide discussion and interpretation of the results from the bivariate and multivariate analysis. For the multivariate analysis explain why Odds Ratios are being used with Cohort data.
2 A second doctoral student is conducting a case control study on risk factors for an infectious disease and has collected the data below. Using bivariate analysis, calculate the measure of association between the disease and risk factor studied for each level of exposure. Provide 95% confidence intervals. Provide an interpretation of the results.
Factor BF Case (n=186) Control (n=277)
Not Received
Brand Y
Brand X—50 mg
Brand X—100 mg
Brand X—200 mg 15
11
28
46
86 78
35
70
50
44
*If you do not have access to a statistical software package such as SPSS, the following are online calculators that can be used for this assignment: 1) Odds Ratio Calculator, 2) Relative Risk Calculator or An optional calculator is available at http://statpages.org/ctab2x2.html
Assignment Expectations
Length: Case Assignments should be at least 3 pages (750 words) in length.
References: Any references used should be from academic sources and cited using APA format.
Organization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to question.
Format: This assignment should be written in a scientific format (as in the “Results” section of a peer-reviewed study). APA format is required for all assignments at the Ph.D. level. See Syllabus page for more information on APA format.
Grammar and Spelling: While no points are deducted for minor errors, assignments are expected to adhere to standards guidelines of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence syntax. Points may be deducted if grammar and spelling impact clarity.
The following items will be assessed in particular:
• Relevance—all content is connected to the question.
• Precision—specific question is addressed. Statements, facts, and statistics are specific and accurate.
• Depth of discussion—present and integrate points that lead to deeper issues.
• Evidence—points are well-supported with facts, statistics, and references.
• Logic—presented discussion makes sense; conclusions are logically supported by premises, statements, or factual information.
• Clarity—writing is concise, understandable, and contains sufficient detail or examples.
• Objectivity—avoid use of first person and subjective bias.
Additional expectations for the assignment:
1 Your references and citations should be consistent with a particular formatting style, such as APA.
2 Your response should be based on scholarly material, such as peer-reviewed articles, white papers, technical papers, etc. Do not include information from non-scholarly materials such as Wikis, encyclopedias, www.freearticles.com (or similar websites).
3 Your response should incorporate the objectives of the module with the requirements of this assignment.
Your Case paper will be further evaluated based on the following criteria:
• Precision (Excellent; Good; Average; Poor)
◦ Each question and/or assignment requirement is addressed in the paper.
◦ Accuracy of your answers, key points, and supporting discussion.
• Clarity (Excellent; Good; Average; Poor)
◦ The paper is well organized, concise, reads clearly, and it is not confusing.
• Breadth (Excellent; Good; Average; Poor)
◦ The paper presents appropriate breadth covering the assignment questions/requirements.
• Depth (Excellent; Good; Average; Poor)
◦ Presents key points that lead to deeper matters and issues.
◦ Integrates several points into coherent conclusions.
• Critical Thinking (Excellent; Good; Average; Poor)
◦ The paper demonstrates good understanding and synthesis of the module background material.
◦ Logically incorporates key concepts presented in the background material into the overall analyses, key points, and supporting discussions.
◦ Presents well-reasoned conclusions and positions as well as convincing arguments in support of the same.
• Writing Mechanics
◦ Grammar (Excellent; Good; Average; Poor)
◦ Spelling (Excellent; Good; Average; Poor)
◦ Vocabulary (Excellent; Good; Average; Poor)
◦ Referencing (Excellent; Good; Average; Poor)
Additional considerations to keep in mind while working on your Case Assignments:
• Originality and Use of directly quoted material
◦ The purpose of each assignment is for you to present your understanding and synthesis of the background material and key concepts. Accordingly, this must be accomplished substantially in your own words.
◦ Use directly quoted material sparingly and only when preserving the exact words of an author is necessary. For purposes of this course, rarely should directly quoted material represent more than 5–10 percent of your entire case paper’s content. Composing a paper patched together from mostly quoted material is not acceptable.
◦ Be sure to properly reference all directly quoted material and include in-text citations.
• Grades
◦ A paper that answers all assignment questions with good key points, well-supported discussions, and quality references will earn a solid “B” grade.
◦ “A” papers are exceptional works that go beyond just answering the questions by providing insightful answers.
4 Limit response to a minimum of 6 pages.
Descriptive Epidemiologic Analysis
Provide a 3-page paper on the descriptive epidemiology of the disease/condition selected in Module 1. Your descriptive analysis should provide a summary of the disease with respect to person, place, and time (see Module 2 Home page).
Please upload this SLP component at the end of Module 2.
SLP Assignment Expectations
Length: This SLP assignment should be at least 3 pages (750 words) in length.
References: At least five references should be included from academic sources (e.g. peer-reviewed journal articles). All references need to be cited using APA format.
Organization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to question.
Format: APA format is required for all assignments at the Ph.D. level. See Syllabus page for more information on APA format.
Grammar and Spelling: While no points are deducted for minor errors, assignments are expected to adhere to standards guidelines of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence syntax. Points may be deducted if grammar and spelling impact clarity.
The following items will be assessed in particular:
• Relevance—all content is connected to the question.
• Precision—specific question is addressed. Statements, facts, and statistics are specific and accurate.
• Depth of discussion (e.g. present and integrate points)
• Breadth—multiple perspectives and references, multiple issues/factors considered.
• Evidence—points are well-supported with facts, statistics, and references.
• Logic—presented discussion makes sense; conclusions are logically supported by premises, statements, or factual information.
• Clarity—writing is concise, understandable, and contains sufficient detail or examples.
• Objectivity—avoid use of first person and subjective bias.

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