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RESEARCH PAPER GUIDELINES ISSUES OF OUR TIMES –INTERNATIONAL PS 105

Spring 2017

RESEARCH PAPER GUIDELINES

ISSUES OF OUR TIMES –INTERNATIONAL PS 105

 

Your paper will be graded on the basis of the following:  (1) the degree to which the paper offers a compelling argument, in the view of the instructor, (2) the extent to which it adheres to the guidelines specified below, and (3) the quality of writing displayed in the paper. The first criterion, the degree to which the paper offers a compelling argument will be measured by the logic of the arguments presented, the strength of the evidence provided, and your paper’s quality including the quality of the research materials used.

 

1.Select a topic from the APPROVED topics (only) that takes the form of a question

Your topic must be a topic on a controversial international issue of our time.

 

2. Clearly list on page 1, the 5 strongest pros and 5 cons to the question in your topic.

 

3. Elaborate and discuss on pages 2-5 the key pros and cons identified on pages 1 and 2.

 

4. Present and support your position, pro or con, on your paper’s question, on pages 6-7.

Papers under 7 pages of narrative, not including attachments will be penalized.

 

5..Your paper must a minimum of 7 pages of narrative AND 2 Full pages of conclusions

This does NOT count your attached notes and bibliography pages.  All toll, your paper

must be a minimum of 9 full pages in length.  Papers less than this will be penalized.

 

6. A minimum of 15 Endnotes 10 Bibliography sources are required. Your narrative plus

notes and bibliography must follow the same format as the posted sample paper.

 

7. All major writing styles are acceptable. But Chicago style endnotes are required

 

8. Number your pages and try to eliminate extra spaces between paragraphs.

 

9.Your topics must NOT be changed in any way.  Feel free to use your text.

 

10.All pages must be type-written and double spaced, using 12 point font.

 

11.Avoid Wikipedia and Webster’s dictionary as they are NOT authoritative.

 

12.All papers should be submitted via the course messages function of Blackboard..

 

13.No paper will be accepted after classes have ended, i.e., after April 28, 2017.

 

14.ALL the above items must be satisfied to receive the score of 100 on the paper.

 

 

 

 

Spring 2017                                                                                                         S.Rashid

APPROVED RESEARCH PAPER TOPICS

ISSUES OF OUR TIMES –INTERNATIONAL

PSCI 271

 

 

Is war between China and the US inevitable

Is NATO obsolete

Is Iraq better off than it was prior to the US intervention in Iraq in 2003

Is Democracy the sole answer (solution) to world conflict

Is President Obama to blame for the rise of ISIS

Is President Bush to blame for failures in Iraq

Is Russia to Blame for death and destruction in Syria

Is a Cold War underway between Saudi and Arabia and Iran

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Paper Sample

 

Is international violence increasing or decreasing

PRO: International violence is increasing between countries and internally examples are:

1. Police brutality against protesters is increasing.
2. Terrorist groups are becoming larger and gaining more influence through media outlets.
3. Tension between countries over territory claims are becoming more significant in the recent years.
4. Nuclear threats are increasingly real with countries like North Korea (DPRK).
5. Nationalism ideals are taking over in more countries in politicians and policies.

CON: International violence is decreasing between countries and internally, examples are:

1. International sporting events, such as the Olympics bring individuals together from countries who have fighting or infighting to show the spirit of solidarity in the spirit of humanity.
2. Countries have pulled out on a ground fighting level in favor of more indirect involvement.
3. There has been an increase in enrollment and interest in becoming an international student, allowing for a cultural exchange, and better understanding of fellow man.
4. Violence on a street level due to drug cartels has decreased in the recent years.
5. There is an increase in democracy in developing nations.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Protests these days are not uncommon, we are a people for change across the globe. Whether it is for something as seemingly trivial as females wanting the same right as their male counterparts to walk around shirtless on hot summer days; or as significant as attempting to take down an oppressive government system. Something so small can spark a revolution, chaos on the streets. The events known as Arab Spring seem to have brought a new type of protest into the light, protest by social media. In response to an oppressive and corrupt military regime one man, had enough and set himself alight in protest of being bled dry of all he had in order to sell his wares in the market. In Tunisia despite all attempts by police: through tear gas, rubber bullets and other methods the turmoil seemed only to increase. As there was one thing that they could not stop from getting out, their voices which rang out as a cry for help across the country to their fellow men as protests and riots became organized through social media platforms guerilla protests became ever more prevalent until  the people were successful in their attempts and overthrew the regime.[i]This series of riots only changed the way we see them, through the boots on the ground, the eyes of the lens.[ii]

We continue to see protests and riots of this nature here today continuing through the Black Lives matter movement. A movement of a different nature, one of the people fighting not only each other but also a corrupt system of power. It started with Trayvon Martin, when he was shot by a man named George Zimmerman because he seemed suspicious late at night coming home wearing a hoodie. A neighborhood watchman, who was off duty at the time and told by 911 operators to cease and desist. Martin was shot by Zimmerman and, Zimmerman was never held accountable.[iii]This sparked a movement called Black Lives Matter, this was not the first nor the last time there would be a race based crime and a young black person shot in cold blood. This is another example of protests born on social media, has its own hashtag and has been met with just as much support as it has backlash. The most famous protest turned riot was in Ferguson, where protestors hit the ground running to the defense of a boy named Mike Brown Jr. who was shot unarmed by Officer Darren Wilson [iv]another man who never faced charges. The protests quickly turned violent as the two boy’s murders had taken place only three years apart. During these protests, a state of emergency was declared by the governor of the time.[v]Like Arab Spring pictures, and video kept popping up on social media to show us who were not there just how bad it had become with protestors who were not of the violent nature being covered in pepper spray, and being sent into hospital with serious damage from rubber bullets that were potentially life threatening.

Police aren’t the only ones with guns around here, there’s been an increase in domestic terrorism specifically in the United States. There’s also been an increase in Terrorism, specifically with ISIS and their ability to reach people through social media, able to find and covert them. Public shootings are a threat Americans face daily, from the first one that rocked our nation which was the school shooting at Columbine by the two boys named Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold which took place in 1999.[vi]To the most recent, which happened in June of this year the Orlando nightclub shooting, with many more in between senseless violence of innocents who seem to be of no real target seem to happen at any time. At first it was just once, with a few kids at one school, and now it’s almost every few months[vii] and there’s an air of uncertainty whenever you walk out into a public space because it can happen at any time and for any reason.

Much like regular terrorism the idea is to strike fear into the hearts of the innocent known they can be attacked anywhere. ISIS is spreading, according to U.S counterintelligence the organization has spread to over eighteen countries[viii] and these two things aren’t all that separate. If you find enough people who are angry at the United States for their “interference” in a volatile state, either homegrown or far away these two will feed into each other enough to produce the shootings and suicide bombings we have seen come to pass.

Direct violence isn’t the only way things can come to a head, they certainly didn’t with the Cold war, and there was more the mentality of an arms race. A similar mindset is going on in the South China Sea, except for it’s more about profit and less about who has nuclear weapons. Much like the issue with the Faulkand islands the debate here is with China, Brunai, The Philippines and Vietnam: Who owns the trading rights to the sea While currently the disputes are going through a lot of paperwork to decide, China was the one who most recently discovered that their right to sovereignty was denied.[ix]And in fact as of this morning a report was filed and Russia and China are going to be holding military drills as more of a display of arms, either as just drills or more of a form of show that they will go down fighting for the trade route rights has yet to be determined. The display of arms is surely not going to be received favorably by the other nations making claims to the sea and the money that surely follows, as the tension builds the likelihood of battle comes ever closer[x]

More along the lines of showing and tension, we have the darling of the East Asian countries: North Korea or the DPRK as they like to be known as; making their 5^th confirmed nuclear test. Surrounding countries such as South Korea and Japan have voiced their concerns, as to the DPRK’s blatant disregard for their countries safety.[xi] Also speaking as to whether or not this violates the treaties and agreements made during the Six party talks. Noticeably this time China who is the major supplier of most of the DPRK’s resources has some formal protests on the horizon as to their behavior.[xii] Threatening your allies and enemies alike with your ever growing nuclear abilities when your country depends on imports for food, is an interesting choice to say the least.

As previously mentioned, political leaders can be the cause of a great uproar and spark a revolution. Sometimes, this can be one of internalized violence and hatred of other countries. This is a concept called nationalism and its self-centered tendencies is taking root in more countries than thought possible in this day and age of global communication and promotion of globalization.

A prime example is the United States republican candidate Donald Trump, and he’s not the only guilty party, there’s usually one in every country but never has one garnered so much support and paved the way for more hateful politicians in the future. The nationalist movement made a successful wave in the country of England, with the movement known as Brexit, a movement to separate Britain from the European Union fueled by the desire to keep the “immigrants” out because the lower-income inclined individuals[xiii] believed firmly that this was what was taking their economy.[xiv] Fueled by this small mindset they voted to go, and now they are spreading throughout the street and deeming it acceptable to tell everyone to go home. We see this with Trump, we see this with his wall, and stating that we aren’t going to pay for it because of his elitist view that we are better and they need to pay to stay out. The nationalist mindset is one that the country I live in, is the greatest no matter what it does and is one that is damaging, and close-minded.

Not everything is quite all so negative, despite all this we still manage to gather together once every two years and sweat it out together, or freeze together on a playing field. This year alone we saw two young gymnasts who were from the two fighting sides of North and South Korea stand together and take a picture.[xv]This may seem like something so small and so insignificant, but it shows a small amount of unity, that during these times we can as individuals put it all aside and compete to see who among us is the most skilled at our individual or team sport. In fact this was the fueling fire behind the games to an extent, soldiers were most commonly the athletes at a point and time and if you were at the finish line laughing with someone about how sore you were, you were a lot less likely to shoot at them the next day, month or year. It brings us all together in one moment, cheering for our respective countries, and the APA shows that the Olympic truce has a lasting impact on those participating and watching.[xvi]

We’re bringing more and more soldiers home, and replacing them with technology like drones. The United States in specific is pulling back from the Middle East bit by bit, as we see a need to decrease our foot soldiers and replace them with automatic weapons instead. The real threat of a drone strike seems to keep more people in line rather than soldiers running around amongst rubble and playing hide and go seek. Is this really more peaceful Sort of, it’s more peaceful for one country while it creates paranoia in another, but at least the shootings in the streets have stopped. Although we are pulling out we cannot fully retreat just yet, for we have been replaced currently on the streets of Iraq by Russia.[xvii] Again the drones seem to help, is this peace or is it just a paranoid state[xviii]

Despite all the worry, all the paranoia you can’t stop my generation from learning, can’t stop us from understanding everyone else for who they are and why. We hunger to understand the world, and you can watch us do so as the increase of international student visas go up each year.[xix] Mostly, you can’t stop other students from coming to us, so we can also learn from them. The ease of the access to visa system has helped greatly, so that students can travel here and stay for the duration of their entire college career or even just one year. The prosperity of other countries, also might be to blame for the curiosity increase, but there’s no denying that there’s been an increase of students, my sister and my best friend have both been and are international students. At this very moment my friend is an student coming into the United States from India, and my sister on high school summer was a student in Japan. The more you come to know about other languages and cultures, the less “other” they seem and the more “us” it all feels.

The scare of the war on drugs, more like the drug cartels war on us and the war on each other. Mexico has had some pretty good luck since 2012 when the cartel claimed 60,000 lives in total [xx]they’ve seen a decrease in the number of homicides and the number of drug related murders. They are not the only nation to see this fight back against the gangs and their violence against the innocent people of the street, Columbia is on the same pathway to freedom, from being one of the world’s biggest cocaine traffickers, to knocking down doors Columbia is making great strides to make some noise. Since 2012 more than 1,300 of the crime lords that roamed the streets have faced charges and been sent up to the United States for sentencing, since their shipments were crossing into our borders it went under our jurisdiction.[xxi] A much needed street cleaning has been happening since 2012 and since then, organized crime has been on a slow but steady decline in Southern America.

“Government of the people, by the people, for the people.”[xxii] The spread of Democracy to other countries is more in its formation year as countries attempt to implement a system that works best for them by looking at countries where a system of Democracy is constantly being changed to better suit the needs of the people of the nation. Example of this would be Egypt, Egypt after the protests and riots known as Arab spring overthrew their regime and in its place implemented a system of democracy, a system for which they are still attempting to work out the kinks. While having completed a democratic transition in name, the system still has large loopholes for corruption.[xxiii] Egypt is not the only country to face these issues as the world watches how they are handling the formation of their democracy so their own country can be quick to follow in similar suit.

On the larger scale of things, it seems that violence on an international level and on an internalized level is increasing. On the level of the individual itself such as murder for personal reasons, violence seems to have gone down as supported by above statements. However tensions of a subtle and a not-so-subtle nature can be seen between the Easter and Western world especially, even if there is a decrease of presence physically in the area of the world, the impact that was made there during the wars can be seen in foreign and domestic terrorism attacks. Even over things that would seem simple to agree over such as trade routes, become areas of conflict and shows of military display that they have a bigger gun that you do. Weapons hoarding was something carried over from the cold war and yet we still seem to let countries get away with it for fear of repeating Iraq, the DPRK has managed to get away with this scheme on five different occasions with little to no repercussions and with no sign of stopping, in fact their leader takes great pride in thinking that he is bettering his country while they starve to death.

Even in our own homes safety cannot be promised to us, thousands have died due to inaction by political leaders on American soil since 1999 by domestic terrorism whether or not they had links with the Middle East. There’s the fear of being thrown out of a country simply because you were not born here, that you have no right, violence against your fellow man because of the dialect in which you speak of the color of your skin. While we can take moments to be thankful that we can come together so easily through social media, we must also remember that this is our most powerful voice, one that cannot be taken away from us. We are surrounded by moments of violence, everyday some are scare tactics and some threats are very real. It just takes one voice, to be heard around the world, it just takes one spark to start a fire and we need to ignite a revolution of peace, before we find ourselves surrounded by the ashes while we stood idly by and watched the world burn.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bibliography

• Accessed September 12, 2016. https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/apa.org/international/pi/2012/10/un-matters.aspx.
• Arkin, William, Robert Windrem, and Cynthia McFadden.New “heat map” Shows ISIS Branches Spreading Worldwide. (NBC News), August 3, 2016. https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-terror/new-counterterrorism-heat-map-shows-isis-branches-spreading-worldwide-n621866.
• . Bachor, Kenneth. “This Selfie Is Bringing North and South Korea Together.” August 9, 2016. Accessed September 12, 2016. http://time.com/4444969/selfie-north-south-korea/
• “Black Lives Matter.” Accessed September 12, 2016. http://blacklivesmatter.com/about/.
• Botelho, Greg and Catherine E. Shoichet. “State, County Police Take over Ferguson Protest Security After Shooting.”CNN (CNN), March 13, 2015. https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/cnn.com/2015/03/12/us/ferguson-protests/.
• Detrow, Scott. “From ‘Brexit’ to Trump, Nationalist Movements Gain Momentum Around World.” June 25, 2016. Accessed September 12, 2016. https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/npr.org/2016/06/25/483400958/from-brexit-to-trump-nationalist-movements-gain-momentum-around-world.
• Editorial, Reuters. “China, Russia Naval Drill in South China Sea to Begin Monday.” September 11, 2016. Accessed September 12, 2016. https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/reuters.com/article/us-southchinasea-china-russia-idUSKCN11H051.
• Faison, Olivia. “Ferguson, 1 Year Later: Why Protesters Were Right to Fight for Mike Brown Jr.” October 6, 2015. Accessed September 12, 2016. http://blacklivesmatter.com/ferguson-1-year-later-why-protesters-were-right-to-fight-for-mike-brown-jr/.
• com. “Columbine High School Shootings – Facts & Summary.”history.com 2009,. Accessed September 12, 2016. https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/history.com/topics/columbine-high-school-shootings.
• “International Student & Scholar Services.” 2016. Accessed September 12, 2016. https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/vanderbilt.edu/isss/about-isss/statistics/fall-2015-snapshot-infographic_page_2/.
• KLUG, FOSTER and EDITH M LEDERER. “News from the Associated Press.” 2015. Accessed September 12, 2016. http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/A/AS_KOREAS_TENSIONS_ASOL-SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT.
• Library, CNN. “Trayvon Martin Shooting Fast Facts.”CNN (CNN), February 7, 2016. https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/cnn.com/2013/06/05/us/trayvon-martin-shooting-fast-facts/
• Network, Al Jazeera Media. “Sisi: Egypt Has Completed a Democratic Transition.” 2016. Accessed September 12, 2016. https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/aljazeera.com/news/2016/02/sisi-egypt-completed-democratic-transition-doctors-protest-160213195244238.html.
• Online, Abraham Lincoln. “The Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln.” Accessed September 17, 2016. https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/abrahamlincolnonline.org/lincoln/speeches/gettysburg.htm.
• Oprea, M G. “What Happens When America Retreats from the Middle East.” October 5, 2015. Accessed September 12, 2016. http://thefederalist.com/2015/10/05/what-happens-when-america-retreats-middle-east/.
• Rempel, William C. and Special to CNN. “How Colombia Is Busting Drug Cartels.”CNN (CNN), January 19, 2012. https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/cnn.com/2012/01/18/opinion/rempel-colombia-extradite-cartels/.
• Schillinger, Raymond. “Social Media and the Arab Spring: What Have We Learned”Huffington Post(The Huffington Post), September 20, 2011. https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/huffingtonpost.com/raymond-schillinger/arab-spring-social-media_b_970165.html.
• Spencer, Richard. “Tunisia Riots: Reform or Be Overthrown, US Tells Arab States Amid Fresh Riots.”The Telegraph(Telegraph.co.uk), January 13, 2011. https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/tunisia/8258077/Tunisia-riots-Reform-or-be-overthrown-US-tells-Arab-states-amid-fresh-riots.html.
• Staff, Los Angeles Times. “Deadliest U.S. Mass Shootings, 1984-2016.” June 12, 2016. Accessed September 12, 2016. http://timelines.latimes.com/deadliest-shooting-rampages/.
• “Uprising in Tunisia: People Power Topples Ben Ali Regime.” January 16, 2011. Accessed September 12, 2016. https://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2011/01/16/18669320.php.
• Winter, Tom, Pete Williams, and hl.Court Documents Reveal Boston Bomber’s Statements to FBI. (NBC News), February 29, 2016. https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/nbcnews.com/storyline/boston-bombing-trial/court-documents-reveal-boston-bomber-s-statements-fbi-n528126.
• “Yes: Violence and Murder Are Decreasing in Mexico.” 2014. Accessed September 12, 2016. https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/americasquarterly.org/content/yes-violence-and-murder-are-decreasing-mexico.

NOTES

 

1 “Uprising in Tunisia: People Power Topples Ben Ali Regime.,” January 16, 2011, accessed September 12, 2016, https://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2011/01/16/18669320.php.

 

2 Raymond Schillinger, “Social Media and the Arab Spring: What Have We Learned,” Huffington Post(The Huffington Post), September 20, 2011, https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/huffingtonpost.com/raymond-schillinger/arab-spring-social-media_b_970165.html.

3“Black Lives Matter,” accessed September 12, 2016, http://blacklivesmatter.com/about/.

4“Ferguson, 1 Year Later: Why Protesters Were Right to Fight for Mike Brown Jr,” October 6, 2015, accessed September 12, 2016, http://blacklivesmatter.com/ferguson-1-year-later-why-protesters-were-right-to-fight-for-mike-brown-jr/.

5Greg Botelho and Catherine E. Shoichet, “State, County Police Take over Ferguson Protest Security After Shooting,” CNN (CNN), March 13, 2015, https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/cnn.com/2015/03/12/us/ferguson-protests/.

6History.com, “Columbine High School Shootings – Facts & Summary,” history.com 2009, accessed September 12, 2016, https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/history.com/topics/columbine-high-school-shootings.

7“Deadliest U.S. Mass Shootings, 1984-2016,” June 12, 2016, accessed September 12, 2016, http://timelines.latimes.com/deadliest-shooting-rampages/.

[viii] William Arkin, Robert Windrem, and Cynthia McFadden, New “heat map” Shows ISIS Branches Spreading Worldwide, (NBC News), August 3, 2016, https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-terror/new-counterterrorism-heat-map-shows-isis-branches-spreading-worldwide-n621866.

9“China, Russia Naval Drill in South China Sea to Begin Monday,” September 11, 2016, accessed September 12, 2016, https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/reuters.com/article/us-southchinasea-china-russia-idUSKCN11H051.

10“China, Russia Naval Drill in South China Sea to Begin Monday,” September 11, 2016, accessed September 12, 2016, https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/reuters.com/article/us-southchinasea-china-russia-idUSKCN11H051.

11“News from the Associated Press,” 2015, accessed September 12, 2016, http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/A/AS_KOREAS_TENSIONS_ASOL-SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT.

12“News from the Associated Press,” 2015, accessed September 12, 2016, http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/A/AS_KOREAS_TENSIONS_ASOL-SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT.

13“From ‘Brexit’ to Trump, Nationalist Movements Gain Momentum Around World,” June 25, 2016, accessed September 12, 2016, https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/npr.org/2016/06/25/483400958/from-brexit-to-trump-nationalist-movements-gain-momentum-around-world

14“From ‘Brexit’ to Trump, Nationalist Movements Gain Momentum Around World,” June 25, 2016, accessed September 12, 2016, https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/npr.org/2016/06/25/483400958/from-brexit-to-trump-nationalist-movements-gain-momentum-around-world

15“This Selfie Is Bringing North and South Korea Together,” August 9, 2016, accessed September 12, 2016, http://time.com/4444969/selfie-north-south-korea/.

16“The Olympic Truce: Sport Promoting Peace, Development and International Cooperation,” October 2012, accessed September 12, 2016, https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/apa.org/international/pi/2012/10/un-matters.aspx.

17“What Happens When America Retreats from the Middle East,” Foreign Policy, October 5, 2015, accessed September 12, 2016, http://thefederalist.com/2015/10/05/what-happens-when-america-retreats-middle-east/.

18“What Happens When America Retreats from the Middle East,” Foreign Policy, October 5, 2015, accessed September 12, 2016, http://thefederalist.com/2015/10/05/what-happens-when-america-retreats-middle-east/.

19“International Student & Scholar Services,” 2016, accessed September 12, 2016, https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/vanderbilt.edu/isss/about-isss/statistics/fall-2015-snapshot-infographic_page_2/.

20“Yes: Violence and Murder Are Decreasing in Mexico,” 2014, accessed September 12, 2016, https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/americasquarterly.org/content/yes-violence-and-murder-are-decreasing-mexico.

21 William C. Rempel and Special to CNN, “How Colombia Is Busting Drug Cartels,” CNN (CNN), January 19, 2012, https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/cnn.com/2012/01/18/opinion/rempel-colombia-extradite-cartels/.

[xxii] “The Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln,” accessed September 17, 2016, https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/abrahamlincolnonline.org/lincoln/speeches/gettysburg.htm.

23 “Sisi: Egypt Has Completed a Democratic Transition,” 2016, accessed September 12, 2016, https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/aljazeera.com/news/2016/02/sisi-egypt-completed-democratic-transition-doctors-protest-160213195244238.html.

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