Henry The Viii Life Overview And Contribution

To E Essay, Research Paper

Henry VIII was the 2nd boy of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York and was one of England s stongest and least popular sovereign. Born in Greenwich on the 28th of June, 1491, he became the first English swayer to be educated under the influence of the rennaissance. He had been particulary carefully educated in church affairs because of the thought that he might come in the church. He was a talented bookman, linguist and composer who enjoyed hunting and good nutrient. His male parent, Henry VII, had arranged for his first boy, Prince Arthur, to get married a Spanish princess, Catherine of Aragon. Henry VII hoped to organize a binding confederation with Spain. His senior brother died in 1502 go forthing Henry to be the lone apparant inheritor. He had succeded his male parent in 1509, and shortly after married his brother s widow, Catherine of Aragon a adult female six old ages older than himself, holding been bethrothed to him through a apostolic dispensation.

Catherine had bore him six kids, one of whom survived babyhood, Princess Mary. For the first 20 old ages of his reign he left the defining of policies mostly in the custodies of his councelor, Cardinal Wolsey. In 1511 he joined forces of the Holy Legue in the war against France. In 1514, Henry switched his support to Louis XII of France and gave his sister Mary to Louis in matrimony. Subsequently he once more threw in his batch with France s enimies. In 1520 Henry wrote a book against the German monastic, Martain Luther who had defied the Pope. Henry was rewarded by the Pope with the rubric Fidei Denfensor which meant Defendor of the Faith. By 1527 Henry had made up his head to acquire rid of his married woman. Henry had announced the desire to disassociate his married woman, on the evidences that the apostolic dispensation doing the matrimony possible was invalid. He argued that Catherine had already been married to Arthur, and it was against God s jurisprudence to get married your brother s married woman as the Bible Teachs: If a adult male taked his brother s married woman, they will decease childrenless. Leviticus 20. 19:21 His cheif ground, nevertheless, was that Catherine had failed to bring forth a male inheritor. It was dubious whether a adult female could win to the English throne. It was believed that the opinion of the land needed the full strength of a adult male and he had realised that a male inheritor was indispensable for had fallen in love with a amah of honor at the tribunal, Anne Boleyn, trusting that she could bring forth him a male inheritor. Henry thought that he would be able to pursuade the Pope, Clement VII, easy to make what he wanted. With his cognition of Church affairs, Henry argued that there was a error and that he had ne’er been decently married. Catherine herself strongly opposed the divorce, claiming that her matrimony to Arthur had non been consummated. An obstruction was that Catherine s nephew was the Holy Roman Emporor Charles V dominated the Pope and had besides protected his aunt s involvements. The Pope was even less willing to pique the emporor than the King of England. In 1528, the Pope was pursuaded to name the English Cardinal and statesman Tomas Wolsey and Lorenzo Campeggio, an Italian papal official emissary, to seek the instance in an English legatine tribunal. Campeggio was recalled to Rome by the Catholic Pope in July 1529, and Wolsey was forced to appeal straight to Rome. Henry grew impatient and ferocious. Wolsley had failed to pursuade the Pope to invalidate the marrige and so was dismissed, and sent to York in shame to go on his church responsibilities. Henry so appointed Sir Tomas More, who was besides relluctant to back up the divorce. In Wolsey s absence, Henry had become even more ferocious at the fact that the cardinal had failed him, so called him back and would of had him tested and executed for high lese majesty if he did non decease on his journey to London. Henry so tried to set prussure on the Pope. The Pope tried to delight Henry by naming on of Henry s protagonists, Thomas Cranmer, as the new archbishop of Canterbury inspite of Catherine s protests. Henry s desire to disassociate Catherine conflicted with the philosophies of the Roman Catholic Church, and so Thomas Cranmer supported Henry s attempts to disassociate Catherine and to divide the Church of England from the Catholic Church. Cranmer had declared the matrimony with Catherine nothingness and the matrimony with Anne valid, and married Henry to Anne in secret in 1533. The undermentioned twelvemonth the Pope had eventually declared the first matrimony to be valid. Meanwhile, Anne had given birth to a girl, the hereafter Elizabeth I. Henry with the aid of his new cheif adviser, Thomas Cromwell, he so called Parliament, and at the authoritiess suggestion they began to go through Acts of the Apostless against the Pope. As a consequence of Henry s insistance, the parliament had made two Acts of the Apostless in 1534 that made the interruption humor

h the Roman Catholic Church. One declared that the Catholic Pope had no authorization in England. The other, the Act of Supremacy, made the church of England a separate foundation, and the male monarch was established as its supreme caput.

The Act of Supremacy brock a nexus with Rome that had lasted a thousand old ages. All ties that bound the English church to Rome was brocken. All payments and entreaties to Rome were banned and the Henry was declared under Christ, the supreme caput of the Church, and anyone who declared this rubric was guilty of lese majesty. Many of Henry s topics who opposed him were imprisioned of exectuted for lese majesty. Any Catholic who remained loyal to the Pope, was treated as a treasonist and besides executed. The monastries, convents and friaries of England were dissolved, since the monastries were seen as the cheif fastnesss of the old faith and were besides the wealthiest belongings proprietors in the state. The huge land of the monastries and their goods were turned over to the male monarch, who in bend, granted those estates to Lords who would back up its policies. The state lost a rich cultural and spiritual heritage. The ground he gave was that they were slack and non making their occupation decently. Though the true ground was that he wasnted the wealth and the cherished decorations which had been given during the past five or six centurarys by 1000s of people wishing for the monastics to pray for them. If the monastic left softly they were given other occupations or pensions and the truly troublesome 1s were executed. In the northern portion of the kingdon in 1956, the people rose in rebellion in behalf of all the monastics. Theis rebellion was called the Pilgrimmage of Grace and was finally put down. Although Henry reformed the authorities of the church, he refused to let alterations in its philosophies. Henry claimed that he was non altering faith and that he was right and the Pope was incorrect, and he was merely rectifying the mistakes. However, some alterations were made in church services, the Bible was translated to English, and printed transcripts were placed into the churches. In 1536, Anne was improsioned on charges of criminal conversation and incest and for cabaling against the male monarch. All five work forces involved were executed on the 17th of May and Anne was beheaded two yearss after. The undermentioned twenty-four hours, Henry married Jane Seymore, his 3rd wifewho served as a lady in waiting to Catherine and subsequently Anne. She died in 1537, whilst giving birth to a babe male child, Henry s merely male inheritor to last babyhood and was the future Edward VI. Henry so married a immature German Princess, Anne of Cleves, at the goad of Thomas Cromwell, in order to organize a tie between England and the Protestant princes of Germany. When he discoverd that he had been tricked into believing she was beautiful, he divorced Anne on the 9th of July 1540 after merely six months and had Cromwell beheaded. On the 28th of July in the same twelvemonth, he so married Catherine Howard after holding frequent meetings with her arranged by the bishop of Winchester. She was accused of immoral behavior both before and after her matrimony and two of her accused lovers were beheaded in December. On February 13, 1542, she excessively was beheaded. From 1542 Henry was involved with the was with Scotland and France. His military personnels had defeated the Scottish and captured Boulogne-sur-Mer in 1544. When peace was made in 1546 Henry recieved an insurance from France. His 6th married woman, Catherine Parr, had already been widowed twice before get marrieding Henry in 1543. She acted as a trustee for him when he campaigned in France in 1544, and helped educate his girls, the hereafter queens Elizabeth I and Mary I. During Henry s reign the brotherhood of England and Wales was completed and Ireland became a land, with Henry as the King. His wars with Scotland and France remained indecisive in malice of some little triumphs. Although he opposed the Reformation, his creative activity of a national church marked the existent beginning of the English reformation. The licensing of an English interlingual rendition of the Bible, the issue of Cranmer s litany, and the interlingual rendition into English of certain parts of the traditional service. Henry died on the 28th of Janurary, 1547, and was buried in St. Georges Chapel in Windsor Castle. He was succeded by his boy Edward VI who died at the age of 16 in 1553, and his half sister, Mary became queen. Mary was a Roman Catholic and she reestablished Catholicism as the province faith and surpressed Protestantism. When Elizabeth I reigned, she established a moderate signifier of Protestantism called Anglicanism. Though Henry VII appears slightly barbarous, few people were in alleviation and most were in desperation. His married woman, Catherine Parr had been widowed one time once more. .