Posted: July 14th, 2022

#1. Qualitative research designs deal with subjective, or abstract, concepts that rely on the gathered information to understand and attribute meaning to an experience or sensation. These can fall under any of the following categories: historical, grounded theory, phenomenological research, and ethnographical. (Schmidt & Brown, 2017) For instance, a qualitative research study was conducted of over a dozen nurses working in 13 separate Italian nursing homes; the goal being to determine how communication affected end-of-life choices for residents and families. Over 30 semi-formal interviews between nurses and residents were reviewed and analyzed for themes in successful communication methods. Results showed a substantial shift from curative to palliative care based off the residents and their families full understanding of the healthcare options available to them. (Gonella et al., 2020) This study gave more insight and depth to the nursing question of how therapeutic communication affects patient care, and it deals with the current experiences making it a prime example of qualitative phenomenological research design. (Schmidt & Brown, 2017). In Contrast, and as we learned last week, quantitative research designs deal with objective, or concrete, concepts and data collection processes. (Schmidt & Brown, 2017) For example, researchers sought to measure the effect of using online simulations verses in person training on the education of nursing students in Norway. (Honkavuo L., 2020) After participants completed an online questionnaire, researchers used inferential statistical analysis to determine the results. They found that over 67% of nursing students showed preference for online educational simulation, while 23% surveyed they preferred in person teaching methods. (Honkavuo L., 2020) The mathematical data was examined and found to be clinically significant, making it quantitative in nature. (Schmidt & Brown, 2017)

References:

Gonella, S., Basso, I., Clari, M., Dimonte, V., & Di Giulio, P. (2021). A qualitative study of nurses’ perspective about the impact of end‐of‐life communication on the goal of end‐of‐life care in nursing home. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 35(2), 502–511. https://doi-org.westcoastuniversity.idm.oclc.org/10.1111/scs.12862 (Links to an external site.)

Honkavuo, L. (2020). Digital teaching in nursing education: a quantitative study on nursing students’ views. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 13(2), 837–846

Schmidt, N. A., & Brown, J. M. (2017). Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses: Appraisal and Application of Research (4th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

#2. according to Aspers & Corte (2019), the main similarities between quantitative and qualitative research studies include the need to for a research question or hypothesis; the selection of a sample population; the development of methods of how the research would be carried; and a conclusion of wether the results validate the hypothesis. Quantitative research designs use theoretical statistical methods for numerical data collection in order to measure a variable of interest. An example of data collecting tools in quantitative research are surveys, which are cost effective, flexible, and allow to collect data from a large sample size. In contrast, qualitative research involves non-numerical data collection in order to describe a topic of interest and understand the research question by measuring opinions and views. Qualitative research tools involve first-hand observation, such as interviews or focus groups.

An example of a quantitative of quantitative research in nursing would be :

What is the effect of laying down on blood pressure measurement?

Measuring the blood pressure (BP) of a patient while laying down vs sitting up provide a numerical value, and the data collected from this study could determine if there is a correlation between body position and BP measurement, which can then be applied to a generalized population.
An example of a quantitative of qualitative research in nursing would be :

What is the experience of hope in women with advances ovarian cancer?

A series of interviews would allow the researchers to identify the factors that influence hope in female patients with advanced ovarian cancer. These factors cannot be generalized and are specific to each individual and their situation.
Reference: Aspers, P., & Corte, U. (2019). What is Qualitative in Qualitative Research. Qualitative sociology, 42(2), 139–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11133-019-9413-7

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