Posted: June 28th, 2022

Discussion: – Personality

Dialogue: posting due 6/28; – Personality
On to this week’s dialogue on PERSONALITY! I can’t consider this phrase with out considering of this hit from 1959 by Lloyd Worth! No, I’m not that previous, I simply had previous dad and mom! 🙂

The elements of Chapter 11 we’ll cowl embody:
• What’s character?
• Psychoanalytic Theories (excluding Freud’s Levels of Improvement)
• Humanistic Theories
• Trait Theories and Their Organic Foundation
• Personality Assessment
Ah, character! Everyone knows what it’s, however do we actually? What’s character, precisely? Is it how we act or suppose? Is it what we need or have? Is it what we undertaking or maintain deep inside? How does one examine character? These two questions: (1) what’s character? and (2) how will we examine it? are the main target of this week’s discussions.
I need to begin out with some quotes (Hyperlinks to an exterior web site.)on character. I would like you to learn these right here, after which circle again to those quotes after you learn the chapter. These quotes are speaking about lots of this stuff we’ll focus on this week: how is character created? Is it secure? Do we all know what it’s? What shapes our character? Keep in mind the questions of nature vs nurture and stability versus change from final week’s growth chapter? These concepts are very a lot in play this week as nicely.
• Personality is sort of a charioteer with two headstrong horses, every desirous to go in several instructions. -Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
• By no means underestimate character. A humorousness will make you in style; a bit confidence will win you jobs; and the correct amount of sass or cockiness will rating you dates. Personality shines from inside, mingling spirit and intelligence, so it is secure to imagine it originates within the mind. -Susan Scutti
• We proceed to form our character all our life. If we knew ourselves completely, we should always die. -Albert Camus
• I would like freedom for the complete expression of my character. -Mahatma Gandhi
• Our lives are formed as profoundly by character as by gender or race. And the only most vital facet of character … is the place we fall on the introvert-extrovert spectrum. -Susan Cain
What’s Personality?
Your e book defines character as
“…the distinctive, core set of traits that affect the way in which one thinks, acts, and feels — traits that many psychologists would agree are comparatively constant and enduring all through the life span and in quite a lot of settings.” (web page 456)
Take into consideration that. How would you describe your character or another person’s?
Theoretical Views on Personality
Desk 11.1 particulars the details and criticisms of most of the theoretical views that we’ll be speaking about this week. Whereas no perspective can declare to be the “right” perspective, every perspective helps to explain, clarify, and predict our conduct that’s the results of our character. These approaches embody:
• Psychoanalytic
• Behavioral
• Humanistic
• Social-cognitive
• Organic
• Trait
These approaches shouldn’t sound unfamiliar to you since these are the identical views we’ve been speaking about all semester lengthy. On this chapter, we’ll use every perspective to attempt to clarify character growth. We received’t cowl all of those views, however as an alternative will deal with the psychoanalytic, humanistic, organic, and trait views.
Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Perspective
If you consider psychology – actually, every time anybody thinks of psychology – they consider Sigmund Freud (Hyperlinks to an exterior web site.). Whereas a lot of what Freud talked about was not primarily based within the scientific methodology (Hyperlinks to an exterior web site.) and/or can’t be supported by empirical proof (Hyperlinks to an exterior web site.), he did make some main contributions to psychological considering. He’s credited with being the founding father of psychoanalysis – a area of psychotherapy the place folks discuss their unconscious ideas and wishes with a view to deliver them to the floor to really feel the catharsis of feeling higher (extra on this within the remedy dialogue in a number of weeks). In line with Freud, folks’s unconscious ideas and wishes are the foundation of their issues. Freud additionally was one of many first to debate how early childhood experiences form our future selves.
Freud’s psychoanalytic theories have been premised on the concept that we have now these adverse internal conflicts (often of a sexual or aggressive nature and unconscious) that result in our varied neuroses. Our personalities are formed by these internal conflicts. Numerous neuroses embody something that results in psychological sickness or unwellness (anxiousness, melancholy, and so on). The purpose of psychoanalysis is to deliver our unconscious conflicts to the floor and cope with them in a wholesome method in order that we will be “cured” of our neuroses.
Freud proposed a structural mannequin of the thoughts (Hyperlinks to an exterior web site.) (once more, not primarily based on empirical proof, however restricted observations) which consisted of the id, ego, and superego. (Determine 11.1 in your textual content appears to be like like this one (Hyperlinks to an exterior web site.).) These Three elements of the thoughts are like warring factions within the thoughts that search to Help an individual resolve their inside conflicts.

• Probably the most primitive part is the id which depends on the pleasure precept. Suppose Veruca Salt in Willie Wonka (Hyperlinks to an exterior web site.) – “Daddy I need a golden egg and I would like it now! (Hyperlinks to an exterior web site.) ”.
• From the id, the ego is developed and the particular person goes from understanding that they’ll’t at all times get what they need, however fairly they have to be capable to delay gratification. The ego depends on the fact precept that permits us to grasp the implications of our actions.
• Lastly, there may be the superego that internalizes the principles which can be set by society and the assorted authority figures in our lives (dad and mom, bosses, academics, and so on).
The ego is consistently balancing the wishes of the id with the strict rule following of the superego. The ego makes use of protection mechanisms to attain this. Infographic 11.1: Ego Protection Mechanisms goes by means of a few of these, and this web site (Hyperlinks to an exterior web site.) lists 15 widespread ones.

Humanistic Theories
Not like psychoanalytic’s emphasis on adverse inside conflicts, humanistic theorists imagine that our neuroses are resulting from a mismatch between who we’re and who we hope to be, which is a perfect model of ourselves. Humanists imagine that all of us attempt for greatness – that we have now an innate goodness. Our personalities are formed by this need to be good folks.
Maybe essentially the most well-known humanistic theorist is Abraham Maslow (Hyperlinks to an exterior web site.) and his concept of the hierarchy of wants (Hyperlinks to an exterior web site.). Mainly, we’re all striving for self-actualization, however we have to handle our primary wants first (like security, and shelter). That is often depicted as a pyramid with totally different wants from the underside to high listed as: physiological, security wants, belongingness and love wants, esteem wants, and self-actualization. I’m type of stunned your e book doesn’t have an illustration, however right here’s one to ponder. Sidenote: this concept is so well-know that tech gurus (Hyperlinks to an exterior web site.) and different companies have tailored it to their very own wants.

Trait theorists
Let’s transfer away from describing how and why character develops, like each the psychodynamic and humanistic theories do, and extra to describing what character is and the way it may Help predict conduct. That is what trait theorists do (Hyperlinks to an exterior web site.). They deal with describing varied character traits that you just and I would exhibit and the way that may predict our conduct. For instance, are you an extrovert or introvert and the way may that influence how usually you communicate up at school?
Your e book goes by means of many traits theorists and talks in regards to the try at making the variety of traits easy and manageable. It begins with Gordon Allport and colleagues combing by means of a dictionary and developing with four,504 character traits. Then got here Raymond Cattell who finally narrowed it all the way down to 16. Then there was Hans Eysenck who modified it to three dimensions (so primarily 6 traits; i.e., extraversion and introversion have been two ends of the identical dimension). At present, most psychologists discuss in regards to the Large 5, or the five-factor mannequin of character, because of Rob McCrea and colleagues. Making the quantity smaller doesn’t imply it makes character much less exact – in reality, it means the other. If I can precisely describe you in fewer traits than my concept is stronger than one than describes your precisely in 100 traits. A superb concept is parsimonious (Hyperlinks to an exterior web site.)like this.
The Large 5 Personality Traits (Determine 11.four) will be remembered utilizing the mnemonic machine OCEAN, and even CANOE:
• Openness to new experiences
• Conscientiousness
• Extraversion
• Agreeableness
• Neuroticism
Curiously, researchers discover that a big a part of every of the Large 5 traits are inheritable (or organic), with the remaining being resulting from your setting (Desk 11.four). Nature AND nurture!
Personality Exams
So how does one measure character? I suppose I may simply ask you the way extraverted you’re feeling on a scale of zero (100% introverted; zero% extraverted) to 10 (zero% introverted; 100% extraverted), however all of us tend to need to current ourselves in the very best gentle potential. I may ask your pals or household to price you in the identical means, however once more, how do I do know in the event that they’re being trustworthy, or in the event that they actually know you? These questions should do with the reliability and validity of a check. A check is dependable if it produces constant outcomes. A check is legitimate if it truly measures what it says it’s measuring. Totally different character assessments differ in how dependable and the way legitimate they’re.
You possibly can consider character assessments (Hyperlinks to an exterior web site.) as falling into one in every of two classes:
1. Projective Personality Exams – the premise is that you’ve unconscious concepts which can be influencing your ideas and behaviors and that these can affect your notion of the world. Infographic 11.Three talks about these totally different assessments. Some assessments that fall into this class embody:
1. Rorschach inkblots
2. Thematic Apperception Take a look at
2. Goal Personality Exams – these assessments are standardized and are interpreted in a standardized vogue (objectively, no subjectivity). Some assessments that fall into this class embody:
1. MMPI
2. 16PF, Large-5
Three. Myers-Brigg
Hit reply and kind your solutions to the next:
Bulletins about upcoming assignments:
• Your RWP #2 stage 2 publish is due THIS Sunday, 6/26. Keep in mind you want approval from me for Stage 1 earlier than you go onto Stage 2. That is 10% of your ultimate grade – don’t wait till the final minute.

1. Clarify a state of affairs through which your id, ego, and superego may be preventing to manage your conduct. Title at the very least 2 protection mechanisms that the ego may use to barter between the id and superego.
2. Utilizing Maslow’s Hierarchy of Wants, how may you Help a homeless particular person obtain self-actualization? This might not be a brief course of – clarify every step you may take. Assume that cash isn’t any object.
Three. Evaluate and distinction projective and goal character assessments. Decide ONE projective or goal check and perform a little digging within the peer-review literature to speak in regards to the reliability and validity of the check. Remember to give the right APA quotation of the article you discover. (Potential key phrases: the precise character check you might be investigating, reliability, validity.)
four. There are lots of locations the place you may take a character check on-line. Some web sites purport to offer you “actual” outcomes, however you ought to be skeptical about such claims. This web site (Hyperlinks to an exterior web site.) has a reasonably good disclaimer: “All of those assessments are offered for instructional and leisure makes use of solely. They aren’t clinically administered and as such the outcomes should not appropriate for basing vital selections off of. These assessments are additionally not infallible, if the outcomes say one thing about you that you do not suppose is true, you might be proper and it’s flawed.” On this web site, take the Large 5 Personality Take a look at and ONE different check. Every check ought to solely take you about Three-7 minutes to finish (relying on the check). Save your outcomes and share a number of of the findings right here from every check (for instance, you don’t should share all 5 traits, share a pair). Tell us what you suppose they obtained right and incorrect and why.

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