Posted: June 23rd, 2022

Victimology: Hate Crime versus Rape Victims

• The aim of the paper is to display an in-depth understanding of some side of victimology. Please choose TWO particular teams of crime victims from our texts (chapter 6 by way of chapter 18). Evaluate a number of similarities and variations amongst these two teams when it comes to; (1) scope of the issue, (2) theories of victimization, (three) sufferer rights and companies, and (four) therapy or intervention packages.
• Contents (80 factors): The paper ought to cowl the next parts. Please set up your paper utilizing the next six subtitles:
1. (5 pts) A concise and clear introduction
2. (17 pts) Scope of the issue: Similarities & Variations
three. (18 pts) Theories of victimization: Similarities & Variations
four. (17 pts) Sufferer rights and companies: Similarities & Variations
5. (18 pts) Remedy or intervention packages: Similarities & Variations
6. (5 pts) Conclusion
• Though numerous info that you’ll want on your paper is on the market from our textual content, it’s essential to conduct library analysis to supply a great high quality paper. You possibly can embrace as many as sources in your paper. Nonetheless, please be suggested that it’s essential to embrace at the least 5 (FIVE) peer-reviewed scholarly journal articles. In different phrases, you should use as many sources as you need (e.g., journal articles, textbooks, newspaper articles, authorities official analysis studies, and many others.). Nonetheless, the FIVE sources out of them should be “peer-reviewed journal” articles (Please be suggested that authorities official analysis studies are NOT “peer-reviewed journal” articles).

• Size & Format of Paper (10 factors)
• The size of the paper ought to be 6-Eight pages lengthy. Please observe that the quilt web page and reference web page(s) are NOT included as a part of the 6-Eight pages. An summary is NOT required. Nonetheless, if you want to incorporate an summary within the paper, you might achieve this. Please be suggested that the summary web page isn’t included as a part of the 6-Eight pages. Your paper should be computer-generated and double spaced. Use measurement 12 fonts and 1” margins. Please use Occasions New Roman or Calibri.

• Tutorial Writing Fashion (10 factors)
• APA textual content citations/references are required: The sources that you simply embrace within the paper should be listed within the reference part. In any other case, you’ll not obtain correct credit. For instance, you correctly included 20 sources within the paper utilizing APA. Nonetheless, should you listed solely three sources within the references, you’ll obtain the credit for three sources. Or, should you included solely 5 sources within the paper and listed 20 sources in reference part, you’ll obtain the credit for five sources.

• Helpful tip: Please understand that the aim of the paper is to COMPARE two teams of victims of crime in a number of facets. Please do NOT waste your time explaining every group. One of many widespread errors that I’ve discovered from pupil papers is that some college students take up 2/three of their papers discussing every group of crime sufferer and use solely the final 2 or three pages evaluating the 2 teams. That’s NOT what you’re presupposed to do!
1. E.g.) Apples vs. Oranges
2. BAD!  Apples are purple, yellow, or inexperienced. Apples are vitamin C wealthy fruit. Apples are yummy. You can also make apple pies by baking them within the oven. However, oranges are often orange coloration. Oranges are vitamin C wealthy fruit. Oranges are yummy. You don’t often bake oranges within the oven.
three. GOOD!  Each apples and oranges have many similarities and variations. Each fruits are related in that they’re vitamin C wealthy meals. They’re additionally related when it comes to their yummy style. Nonetheless, apples and oranges are completely different when it comes to coloration. Apples can have many alternative colours akin to purple, yellow or inexperienced, however oranges have sometimes just one coloration. Each apples and oranges are additionally completely different when it comes to meals preparations. Apples could be baked within the oven to make apple pies, however oranges could be positioned in blender to make contemporary squeezed orange juice.
• It’s seldom acceptable to make use of “I” statements in an instructional paper; maintain the language to third-person. (IF YOU USE THE WORD “WE”, THAT IS 2ND PERSON LANGUAGE AND ALSO, NOT VERY APPROPRIATE). Additionally, please understand that tutorial writing model could be very completely different from private writing. Please take into account the next instance (supply: https://awc.ashford.edu/tocw-first-person-vs-third-person.html
• First particular person instance (solely acceptable for private writing)
1. The idea of studying that I relate to probably the most is Bandura’s social cognitive concept. That is the speculation which you could study to do issues by observing others. I do know this concept is true as a result of I realized find out how to repair vehicles by watching my dad over a few years.
• Third particular person correction (acceptable for all different tutorial writing)
1. Albert Bandura’s social cognitive concept is predicated on the concept that folks can purchase information by observing others by way of social interplay. This concept was demonstrated by way of Bandura’s “Bobo Doll” experiment (1961).
• One of many widespread errors present in pupil papers is that some college students papers are stuffed with quotations with the intention to keep away from plagiarism. Nonetheless, please bear in mind that utilizing pointless quotations to keep away from plagiarism is a sign of poor writing abilities. That is additionally an element that negatively impacts your originality rating. So, please watch out with utilizing quotations. Please paraphrase them in YOUR OWN WORDS. In any other case, you’ll obtain an automated “D” grade.

• Due: Might four, 2020 (Monday),11:59 pm (EST). Please observe that a late submission will NOT be accepted. You’re required to submit your analysis paper by way of D2L drop field. Your analysis paper can be examined by turnitin.com to test for plagiarism.

Victimology: Hate Crime versus Rape Victims
Identify
Establishment
Victimology
What makes victimology a big analysis subject is that as a substitute of specializing in the crime basically like criminology, it takes an in-depth Assessment of sufferer precipitation, facilitation, and sufferer provocation. Basically, victimology seems into how the victims contribute to their very own victimization. Rape victims and hate crime victims might be intertwined in that, rape victims is also victims of hate crime primarily based on their gender. In some communities, the feminine gender is believed to be a minority and therefore a girl faces numerous opposition from the alternative gender when she tries to problem the established order. One of many methods to problem such a girl attempting to rise above the oppressive social dictates is subjected to verbal, monetary, political, and typically sexual abuse by way of gang rape.
Scope of the issue
Human beings are violent in nature and each different day an individual is damage or injured by one other. The prison justice system has devoted itself to in-depth research and understanding of the causes of victimology as a completely completely different entity from criminology. Since antiquity, varied folks have provide you with varied theories that can be mentioned later within the paper on victimology. A easy rationalization that many would perceive is that in victimology, the oppressor goals at the place the sufferer is most susceptible inflicting bodily, social, materials, psychological, or monetary crippling. Victimization could be between folks, communities, organizations, and establishments the place these impacted undergo a violation of their rights in a big approach inflicting disruptions within the regular lifestyle. One of many early researchers that introduced into mild the side of criminology was Benjamin Mendelsohn in 1947 the place he described it because the scientific research of crime victims (Dussich, 2014).
In each hate crime and rape, the victims’ shallowness is affected resulting in emotional and psychological trauma with lengthy phrases results. For instance, when one is raped as a result of she is a girl, she will get bitter in regards to the society she lives in, she questions her id and even fears for her future technology which can imply that she might not want to have kids to forestall them from present process the identical trauma she went by way of.
In each hate crime and rape, the victims might both be utterly harmless, unintentionally accountable, or completely accountable for frightening aggression from the oppressor. As described earlier, sufferer precipitation might be used to find out the causes that led to the victimization, in different phrases, how the sufferer is accountable. Each hate crime and rape victims might be accountable for their misfortune in that they could depart a spot that makes it simple for them to be attacked. For instance, a hate crime sufferer, might be somebody from a specific race and provides a really unintentional racist remark. An excellent instance of an unintentional hate crime is, Mexico might be going by way of inside wars, and Donald Trump cancels his journey by publicly saying that Mexico is a mattress of terror stuffed with violent folks. His phrases might be minced and given the present pattern of cyberbullying which is against the law, he’ll obtain limitless trolls throughout social media which might lead to a broader rivalry between Individuals and Mexicans. A rape sufferer might be an underage little one who escapes house, goes out to have a pleasant time with mates, then she or he is unknowingly dragged and raped by somebody random from the membership. In such a case, the sufferer uncovered him/herself to hazard nonetheless, that was not the plan.
Theories of Victimization
Making use of theories of victimization in understanding the function of the sufferer performs a big function for many researchers in class and for these serving throughout the prison justice system. The sufferer precipitation concept of victimization finest describes the diploma to which the sufferer was accountable for the crime (Zaykowski & Campagna, 2014). As aforementioned, the sufferer could also be very unintentional, passive, or absolutely accountable for the victimization. In a rape crime, a girl dressing provocatively round a bunch of males who’re abusing medicine and alcohol is to totally blame for the rape. In a hate crime, a white particular person hauling insults at a black one who is correct from serving detention and is attacked by a gang of black folks, the white particular person is absolutely accountable for the misfortune. The second concept of victimization is the life-style concept which claims that individuals turn out to be victims of crime primarily based on their life-style. Whereas a rape sufferer could also be affected primarily based on his or her clubbing life-style, or drug abuse, it may not be the case for a hate crime sufferer. The shortcoming to afford luxurious makes one a goal of hate crime. For instance, these from low-income households face numerous stigma in class and social gatherings. Africa is a 3rd world nation, Africans in different elements of the world are then perceived to be poor and might be potential thieves. That explains why nearly all of folks in detention are black folks. However, the power to afford luxurious might trigger victimization between two teams who’ve graduated from in search of luxurious to in search of energy. For instance, the us and the USA have been in a continuing battle for energy with the latest hypothesis of the Corona Virus being a bioweapon by the us.
The Deviant Place concept is available in third to clarify how publicity to harmful locations will increase one’s vulnerability to victimization. Each hate crime and rape victims can expose themselves to crime by agreeing to reside in a group stuffed with aggression once they have an possibility to maneuver out. For instance, being a homosexual particular person in a group that’s towards the LGBT group would expose one to each hate crime and rape victimization. The person has the choice of shifting out to a secure house and keep away from being damage bodily, psychologically, emotionally, socially, and financially. Lastly, the routine Exercise concept seems into the developments that may predispose one to be a sufferer. Each rape and hate crime victims might be targets primarily based on for instance leaving their homes unattended when going out on lengthy holidays. Dad and mom who’re targets of hate crime might depart their kids at house giving attackers a great alternative to kidnap the youngsters and extort cash from the mother and father.
Victims’ Rights and Companies
Victims have a proper to entry help from the prison justice system and have the best to immediate redress for the hurt that has been brought about to them. Each rape victims and hate crime victims have a proper to details about their roles and the continuing of their circumstances throughout the prison justice system (Stamatopoulou, 2018). For instance, a rape sufferer has the best to info on who the rape sufferer was and what verdict can be charged on the perpetrator. The Worldwide Prison Court docket has the obligation to tell the victimized nation on the reason for motion that has been taken on the perpetrator within the case of a hate crime involving two nations. Victims have a proper to restitution the place victims of hate crime might have a greater benefit in a case the place solely property harm occurred (Wong & Christmann, 2017). The restitution privilege is availed however not efficient to a rape sufferer whose dignity has been violated. Each hate crime victims and rape victims have a proper to the required medical, materials, psychological, and social help by way of each the nationwide authorities and non-governmental organizations.
Victims are human beings and residents of a nation. The federal government then has a obligation to guard all its residents from each inside and exterior hurt. Each hate crime and rape are focused at a specific particular person or individuals, nonetheless, the distinction is available in the truth that rape can solely happen to a small group of individuals at a go and the affect is felt at a private degree with the potential to graduate to societal ranges. However, hate crime could cause grave harm to the multitudes of individuals at a go. For instance, the Muslim group is understood to be train some extent of aggression in direction of different religions which by way of bombings, many individuals lose their lives, property, properties, and households. The Al Qaeda militia group is believed to be Muslim dominated, despite the fact that its primary goal isn’t different religions however political rivals, the monetary harm it causes is felt globally such because the 9/11 assaults.
Remedy and Intervention Applications
Violent conduct is noticeable from a younger age, which signifies that to keep away from circumstances of victimization, kids with violent conduct ought to obtain early correction. For instance, teaching programs on sexual assault and rape ought to be included within the curriculum. At a younger age, kids will perceive the hazards of sexual abuse and what to do when they’re abused. Youngsters learn to observe indicators of a rapist and might report them to the related authority earlier than harm is completed. However, hate crime outcome from imply feedback from the mother and father and academics, kids study from their elders. It’s as much as the mother and father, academics, and guardians to chorus from irresponsible talks and actions to keep away from citing perpetrators. Secondly, proving shelters for victims the place they’re secure from interacting with perpetrators is wholesome for each hate crime and rape victims. Authorized help ought to be supplied to each hate crime victims and rape victims (Daigle, 2017).
The prison justice system ought to present the victims with competent legal professionals who’re non-biased, and the identical ought to be replicated within the jury for a speedy, free-and truthful listening to. Rape victims profit extra from psychosocial remedy as a result of rape robs their dignity which can give them a lifetime trauma and should trigger melancholy and later suicide. However, hate crime victims might profit extra from relocation to a safer state or calling in an arbitrator within the case of conflicting nations. The media has a task to play in advocating for ethnic, race, and gender fairness and equality with out favoring a single-gender. Motion pictures ought to cease portraying black folks as violent, ladies as a minority group. As a substitute, they need to present the concord between completely different communities. The media also needs to educate folks on measures they need to take once they discover themselves victims of hate crime or rape.
Conclusion
Each hate crime and rape victims undergo bodily harm, psychological trauma, monetary harm, and secondary victimization akin to social stigmatization. The one distinction is that the diploma to which it impacts them given the kind of harm they expertise. The 2 forms of victims undergo from extreme abuse of their human rights and dignity. Whereas rape is self-defined, hate crime might embrace a spread of violations akin to homicide, denial of companies, and assassination amongst others, hate crime might additionally embrace sexual abuse. Sufferer precipitation analyses how the sufferer is accountable for the victimization, sufferer facilitation seems into how the sufferer unintentionally made it simple for the offender to assault. Sufferer Provocation happens when an individual does one thing that provokes one other to react in anger committing against the law. All victims ought to be handled with compassion and respect for his or her human dignity.

References
Daigle, L. E. (2017). Victimology: the necessities. Sage Publications.
Dussich, J. P. (2014). Educating victimology in America: From on the job coaching (OJT) to PHD. Journal of Prison Justice Schooling, 25(four), 486-500.
Stamatopoulou, E. (2018). United Nations Motion from the Victims’ Perspective: The Contribution of the United Nations Centre for Human Rights and the Excessive Commissioner for Human Rights. In Worldwide Responses to Traumatic Stress (pp. 101-129). Routledge.
Wong, Okay., & Christmann, Okay. (2017). Hate Crime Victimization. In Routledge Handbook on Victims’ Points in Prison Justice (pp. 102-117). Routledge.
Zaykowski, H., & Campagna, L. (2014). Educating theories of victimology. Journal of Prison Justice Schooling, 25(four), 452-467.

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