Posted: June 22nd, 2022

Crime and Punishment

Crime and Punishment
Identify
Establishment:

Crime and Punishment
Lesson 10
Question Assignment 1
Punishment is a penalty that comes within the type for a effective or imprisonment to a person/offender because of the legal justice course of. It includes making the offender endure for the fallacious executed via tough bodily remedy. In response to Ramirez (2020) within the research of punishment in psychology, punishment reduces the probabilities of the behaviour to happen once more in future referred to as the operant conditioning. Punishment is nonetheless categorized into constructive and destructive punishment. Optimistic punishment is also referred to as the punishment by the applying. Optimistic punishment makes use of aversive stimulus to appropriate the behaviour after the prevalence. Unfavorable punishment includes the removing of the stimulus the place the punisher threatens to remove one thing if the offender doesn’t change.
Question Assignment 2
Unfavorable reinforcement is commonly confused with punishment the place destructive reinforcement will increase the prevalence of the behaviour later, however punishment reduces the probabilities of the behaviour occurring in future. Unfavorable reinforcement avoids the aversive stimulus, which is the psychological discomfort induced after the reinforcement. However, punishment includes coping with the stimulus by weakening the behaviour to keep away from the prevalence of the behaviour in future (Ramirez, 2020). Unfavorable reinforcement is appropriate when the behaviour has instantly occurred the place the time between the prevalence and reinforcement ought to be shorter. Unfavorable reinforcement is appropriate for short-time use, whereas punishment is appropriate for very long time use (Ramirez, 2020). The idea of operant conditioning introduces reward as a type of reinforcement, the place the probabilities of repeating the crime are increased in comparison with punishment. Punishment results in the extinction of the behaviour which occurs via expiatory and reciprocity punishment. Expiatory punishment includes the administration of punishment based on how disagreeable behaviour is extreme. On the opposite facet, reciprocity punishment includes the administration of punishment based on the character of the crime.
Question Assignment three (Based mostly on Australia not Nigeria)
Totally different international locations use completely different types of punishment which is contradictory, particularly in figuring out an acceptable punishment based on the character of the crime (Ramirez, 2020). The assorted types of punishment embody deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation, retribution, restoration and training. In response to BBC Africa Eye information, Nigeria makes use of of capacitation as a approach of punishing offenders the place the flexibility of a legal to commit the crime once more is bodily eliminated (ODEYINDE, 2020). For instance, the usage of torture referred to as “tabay” to punish offenders, together with kids.
Nigeria makes use of capital punishment which includes loss of life penalties. In response to the nation, capital punishments contain terrorism, homicide, kidnapping, rape-related circumstances and theft with violence. The convicts are executed via deadly injection, stoning, taking pictures or hanging (ODEYINDE, 2020). The legal justice system of Nigeria has exempted kids beneath the age of eighteen years and pregnant girls the place as a substitute of the loss of life penalty, the convicts are sentenced for all times in jail. At present, Nigeria remains to be making use of capital punishment, the place, as a consequence of COVID-19, the courtroom programs makes use of the web to supply punishment. For example, the usage of video conferencing.

Question Assignment four
Rehabilitation mannequin of punishment: Rehabilitation is among the many newest mode of punishment which includes coaching the offender and providing remedy. Rehabilitation goals at correcting the behaviour of the offender and returning the person to the neighborhood as a very good individual (Ramirez, 2020). Rehabilitation was developed as a approach of decreasing the speed of incarceration and in its place. After rehabilitation, the offender is launched to the neighborhood below strict situation and supervision.
Schooling mannequin of punishment: Schooling mannequin of punishment is also referred to as the educational mannequin, which is used largely by the juvenile justice system. The training mannequin seeks to suppress destructive behaviour which takes place based on the depth of the behaviour, various behaviours, methodology and schedule of supply, reward and temporal proximity.
An Eye for an Eye: The attention for a watch is a biblical perspective and morality of punishment which hyperlinks the justice system and enhances the appropriate relationship. The precept helps providing punishments to offenders based on the crime dedicated therefore discouraging and avoiding revenge.
Mirror punishment: Mirror punishment is a justification for the phrase eye for a watch or a tooth for a tooth. Mirror punishment displays the character and the severity of the crime. The mirror punishment can, nonetheless, be worse, particularly when includes chopping the components of the physique committing the crime. For example, chopping palms after stealing.
Lesson 10
Question Assignment three
Question Assignment three
Present two or three individuals you understand of a random individual or quick video for 5 seconds.
Then take the picture away. An hour later, ask them to explain the individual or what occurred.
Document what they are saying. Then take a look at how correct they have been.
If it’s not doable to ask different individuals to do that, perform the check on your self, maybe taking a look at a
random face within the newspaper or on-line.

Write a brief report in your findings from the set process.
The 2 video information offered completely different accounts of the noticed occasion. The second video consists of added info not current within the first video, which seems exaggerated. Drawing my clarification from Hugo Munsterberg, a researcher, EWT typically provides completely different accounts of an occasion for the reason that testimony is commonly affected by feelings, corresponding to pleasure, anger or unhappiness. In response to the duty, the second testimony is exaggerated as a consequence of false recollections the place the witness finally ends up recalling the occasion. The second document findings might have been distorted as a consequence of poor questioning expertise or the observers forgetting the scene, therefore recalling.
Briefly describe what you probably did.
I took a video of individuals explaining an statement for 5 seconds. After an hour, I took one other video of them explaining the identical statement. I made a comparability between the 2 movies to examine the validity of the data offered.
How many individuals did you check?
I examined three individuals current within the occasion on the similar time.
What did your outcomes present?
The outcomes offered completely different accounts of the occasion from the three people. The primary video was transient and concise in comparison with the second video, the place all of the three people offered virtually comparable info. The second video was completely different in all of the three people, the place every offered completely different accounts of the occasion. The reason given by the primary individual was completely different from the second and third. Every info was exaggerated and consisted of added info not current within the first video.
Does this verify or disagree with analysis on eye witness testimonies?
The findings verify to the analysis on eye witness testimonies that how crime is perceived is determined by the witness’s capacity to outline crime and testify. The principle problem with Eye witness testimony is the observer’s capacity to offer a legitimate and actual account of the occasion. The check supplies a special account as a result of the observer’s reminiscence is influenced socially by both life experiences or tradition. More often than not, the attention witness testimony is taken into account biased. To offer correct testimonies, eyewitnesses are skilled, and cops are skilled on the way to Question Assignment suspects.

References
Mtunzie, P. M. The social development of crime actuality: a comparative content material Assessment of native newspapers and crime statistics, Gaborone 2016-2017 (Doctoral dissertation).
Ramirez, Okay. (2020). Selecting the Proper Technique: Reinforcement vs Punishment. Zoo Animal Studying and Coaching, 53-67.
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