Posted: June 15th, 2022

Week 1: Basic Concepts of Physiology and Factors That Influence Disease

NURS 6501 Course Discussions & Assignment Essays

NURS 6501 Week 1 Discussion

NURS 6501N-38: Advanced Pathophysiology

Week 1: Basic Concepts of Physiology and Factors That Influence Disease
Imagine the pain, suffering, and frustration patients feel when they find out they have been misdiagnosed with a disease or disorder. Additionally, consider the financial implications and consequences for time-sensitive disorders such as cancer. Since most disorders have multiple symptoms, and these symptoms are often prevalent in more than one disorder, it can be difficult for health care providers to diagnose patients correctly.

As an advanced practice nurse making decisions related to diagnosis and treatment, you need to have an in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology of disorders, as well as factors that influence them. This week, in preparation for your role in evaluating patients, you examine the impact of patient factors on disease. You also explore the pathophysiology of disorders and resulting alterations in cellular function.
Imagine what it must be like for a patient to find out that they were wrongly diagnosed with a disease or disorder. Also, think about the financial effects of diseases like cancer that need to be treated quickly. Since most disorders have more than one symptom, and these symptoms are often present in more than one disorder, it can be hard for doctors to figure out what’s wrong with a patient.

In order to make decisions about diagnosis and treatment as an advanced practice nurse, you need to know a lot about the pathophysiology of disorders and the things that affect them. This week, you look at the effect of patient factors on disease to get ready for your job of evaluating patients. You also learn about the causes of diseases and how they change the way cells work.
Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Evaluate the impact of patient factors on disease
• Analyze the pathophysiology of alterations in cellular function
• Understand and apply key terms, concepts, and principles related to physiology and factors that influence disease
Required Readings

Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

• Chapter 1, “Cellular Biology”
This chapter reviews cellular biology to establish a foundation for exploring the pathophysiology of disease. It also covers the structure and function of cellular components, cell-to-cell adhesions, cellular communication, cellular metabolism, membrane transport, the cell cycle, and tissues.

• Chapter 2, “Genes and Genetic Diseases”
This chapter explores genetic disorders and factors that impact genetic disorders. It also examines how mutations and chromosomal abnormalities lead to transmission of genetic disorders.

• Chapter 4, “Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology”
This chapter examines disorders related to cell adaptation, injury, and death. It also explores disorders associated with altered cellular and tissue function as a result of aging.

Hammer, G. G. , & McPhee, S. (2014). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine. (7th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

• Chapter 2, “Genetic Disease”
This chapter reviews the clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and genetic principles of genetic diseases. It also explores different types of genetic diseases and the mechanisms involved.

• Chapter 5, “Neoplasia”
This chapter explores various disorders associated with neoplasia. It also covers causes and effects of common cancers and tumors resulting from neoplasia. NURS 6501 Course Discussions & Assignment Essays

Required Media

Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012d). Introduction to advanced pathophysiology. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 10 minutes.

In this media presentation, Dr. Terry Buttaro, associate professor of practice at Simmons School of Nursing and Health Sciences, discusses the importance of pathophysiology for the advanced practice nurse.

Discussion: Factors That Influence Disease

In clinical settings, some of the most common questions that patients ask are Why do I have this? What caused this disorder? Will it ever go away? These emotional questions can be difficult to ask and to answer. However, for patients to come to terms with their diagnoses and adhere to treatment plans, they must have an understanding of factors that might have caused, or continue to impact, their disorders. As an advanced practice nurse, it is important that you are able to explain disorders, associated alterations and symptoms, and changes that might occur within your patients’ bodies.

To Prepare

• Review this week’s media presentation with Dr. Terry Buttaro. Reflect on the importance of developing an in-depth understanding of pathophysiology.
• Select a disorder from the following list:
o Adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease)
o Atherosclerosis
o Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
o Colon cancer
o Cystic fibrosis
o Hemophilia
o Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
o Osteoporosis
o Parkinson’s disease
o Tuberculosis
• Select one of the following patient factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how that factor might impact your selected disorder, as well as potential associated alterations and symptoms.
• Identify the pathophysiology of the associated alterations, including the normal and altered cellular function. Consider both intra- and extra-cellular changes that occur.
By Day 3

Post a brief description of a patient scenario involving the disorder and the factor you selected. Explain how the factor might impact your selected disorder, as well as potential associated alterations and symptoms. Finally, explain the pathophysiology of the associated alterations, including changes in cellular function.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who selected different disorders and factors than you, in the following ways:

• Share insights on how the factor you selected impacts the pathophysiology of the disorder your colleague selected.
• Expand on your colleague’s posting by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence. NURS 6501 Course Discussions & Assignment Essays
Quiz By Day 7 – Complete

This week’s Quiz covers the content you have explored this week. The Quiz may include the following topics:

• Normal cellular function and structure across the lifespan
• Genetics
• Principles of developmental physiology
• Synaptic transmission
NURS 6501 Course Discussions & Assignment Essays

NURS 6501 Week 2 Discussion 1
Discussion 1: Maladaptive Responses to Immune Disorders
Maladaptive responses to disorders are compensatory mechanisms that ultimately have adverse health effects for patients. For instance, a patient’s allergic reaction to peanuts might lead to anaphylactic shock, or a patient struggling with depression might develop a substance abuse problem. To properly diagnose and treat patients, advanced practice nurses must understand both the pathophysiology of disorders and potential maladaptive responses that some disorders cause.

Consider immune disorders such as HIV, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus E. What are resulting maladaptive responses for patients with these disorders?

To Prepare

• Review Chapter 6 and Chapter 8 in the Huether and McCance text. Reflect on the concept of maladaptive responses to disorders.
• Select two of the following immune disorders: HIV, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, or systemic lupus E (SLE).
• Identify the pathophysiology of each disorder you selected. Consider the compensatory mechanisms that the disorders trigger. Then compare the resulting maladaptive and physiological responses of the two disorders.
• Select one of the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factor might impact your selected immune disorders.
By Day 3

Post a brief description of the pathophysiology of your selected immune disorders. Explain how the maladaptive and physiological responses of the two disorders differ. Finally, explain how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of each disorder.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 5

NURS 6501 Week 2 Assignment
Adaptive Response

This paper will be discussing the adaptive responses that lead to diagnoses in three patient scenarios. The first scenario will be discussing Jennifer’s tonsillitis. The second scenario will be on Jack’s allergic contact dermatitis. Finally, the third will be based on Martha’s clinical depression. NURS 6501 Course Discussions & Assignment Essays

Scenario One

Scenario Two

Scenario Three

MIND MAP OF TONSILLITIS

NURS 6501 Week 4 Assignment Artery and Vein Disorders
Walden University NURS-6501N-29

Artery and Vein Disorders

​Blood vessels carry blood from the heart to the tissues throughout the body and back to the heart. Without adequate blood flow to the tissue and organs within the body, ischemia will take place. Ischemia is the restriction of blood flow to a specific tissue area. This is usually caused by problems within the blood vessels. Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are two conditions that affect the vascular system. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the pathophysiology of these disorders, discuss how age is a risk factor, as well as treatment options.

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Patient Factor

Diagnosis and Treatment

Conclusion

References

NURS 6501 Week 5 Discussion 2 Progression of Anaphylactic Shock
Progression of Anaphylactic Shock

ER vs. Outpatient

Genetics

References

NURS 6501 Course Discussions & Assignment Essays

NURS 6501 Week 5 Scenario
Scenario

The scenario presented discusses an otherwise healthy teenager that has a heart murmur that suddenly collapses and dies. According to the Mayo Clinic, sudden cardiac death (SCD) is often caused by undetected cardiac dysfunctions that trigger symptoms with increased physical demand (2017). The Mayo Clinic estimates that one out of every 50k deaths in young adults may be attributed to SCD. Causes of SCD are listed as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), coronary artery abnormalities, and long QT syndrome. Considering that a grade II/IV systolic murmur was heard, and the fact that it is the most common genetic cardiovascular disease, the patient most likely suffered from undiagnosed HCM (Cleveland Clinic, 2015). NURS 6501 Course Discussions & Assignment Essays

HCM

Ethnicity and HCM

References

NURS 6501 Week 6 Assignment Asthma
Chronic Asthma

Asthma: Chronic and Acute

Pathophysiology of an Asthma Attack

Behavior as a Risk Factor

Summary

References

NURS 6501 Week 6 Scenario 2
Pertussis

Two Factors

References

NURS 6501 Week 7 Discussion Anaemia
According to Huether and McCance, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common of all anemias. This anemia has red blood cells that are smaller compared to those of non-anemic patients, as well as a reduction in hemoglobin concentration…

NURS 6501 Course Discussions & Assignment Essays

NURS 6501 Week 8 Assignment Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders of Motility
NURS 6501, Advanced Pathophysiology

Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility

Acid Production and Stimulation

GERD, PUD, and Gastritis

Gender as a Factor

NURS 6501 Week 8 Discussion
IBS

IBD

IBS vs. IBD

Ethnicity

References. NURS 6501 Course Discussions & Assignment Essays

NURS 6501 Week 10 Assignment COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Bronchitis

Emphysema

COPD and Heart Function

Emphysema and Heart Function

Treatment & Diagnosis

References.

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