Posted: June 6th, 2022

International Standards and Best Practices in Airport Border Management

International Standards and Best Practices in Airport Border Management
The two international airports at the state of Catdom have been of great importance to travelers, especially those within the continental union. Due to the rising concerns of the porous border in the state, which has caused a rise in criminality, such as drug trafficking, border management, and control is one of the best methods used to prevent the rising cases (Thomopoulos, 2021). Based on the assessment observations, the situation of the state of Catdom requires intervention, due to lack of coordination from the authority, lack of agency accountability, lack of adequate resources, lack of modernism services, and resources, and many other issues that affect the smooth running of the airports.
The state of Catdom requires the renewal and development of new border management policies that would Help in mitigating and managing the current issue, such as development of a procedure and effective way of inspecting travelers before traveling (Møhl, 2018). According to the international standards relating to passengers’ processing and Assessment of the applications of the standards based on border management, border management requires a new strategy that would apply all the requirements and standards of the international border laws (Arifin, and Bawono, 2019). For instance, the state should use and apply new inspection systems and tools to detect illegal items and activities among the passengers. First, the border control management should have a travelers identification program (TRIP), consisting of both document identification and border control systems(BCS).
An influential travelers identification program is essential, especially in meeting the united state’s sustainable goals based on the international travel agency’s social, political, and economic aspects. On the other hand, the traveler’s identification program plays a vital role in managing border security, especially in responding to threats and any illegal practice and conspiracy condition at the border. The identity of travelers is identified through several elements, such as evidence issuance and control, evidence identity, interoperable application, and use of inspection systems and tool (Møhl, 2018)s.
The evidence of identity will require the border management team to use the machine-readable travel document (MRTDs) and the document issuance and control, which Help in promoting the traveling documents’ integrity and loyalty. On the other hand, the identification program should consist of several systems and tools, such as the MRTDs, which Help in performing inspection at every stage of the transport, for instance, during pre-departure, pre-arrival, arrival, stay, and departure for easier inspection of illegal businesses, and reduce cases of improper documentation of immigrants documents (Arifin, and Bawono, 2019). On the other hand, the border management should apply the interoperable application to monitor and control the global sharing of data concerning travelers in every stage station.
The border management should frequently conduct a travelers risk assessment, which should be repeated at every traveling phase. The question asked by the authority should not be assessed again; hence, more and advanced question asking skills should be promoted by the governor among the authority team. The risk analysis and assessment should use travel data, data from the public domain, data from other agencies, and travel data that Help in addressing all risks concerning the state of Catdom. Border management control should focus on preventing, deterring, disrupting, detecting, and enforcing new rules and policies that would address the issue (Thomopoulos, 2021). The use of effective border management policies would Help the states in achieving more balanced use of national laws and international laws that apply to air travel and inspection of inspection, for instance, through the application of the humanitarian border management(HBM), the border management information systems(BMIS), and the integrated border management (IBM).
Investing in border management by the state of Catdom would be an excellent choice, especially in enhancing capacity, improving safety, and promoting good. Orderly migration, hence reducing the rate of crimes and disorderly immigrants who are not documented. The state of Catdom should ensure the authority and the border management maintain both traveler’s safety, facilitate movement of people, and maintain national security (Thomopoulos, 2021). Border management should be carried out by considering some international laws, such as the universal declaration of human rights, the international convention on eliminating all racial discrimination, and discrimination against women and torturers across borders. On the other hand, humanitarian border management(HBM) considers laws. One of them is the Geneva convention, the fourth Geneva convection that focuses on protecting the public from international conflict based on article three hundred and twelve.
On the other hand, the state of Catdom should consider the laws provided by the united nations (UN), such as the provision of identity management and use of border management information systems (BMIS), which Help in preventing cases of terrorism, crimes, and illicit transnational flow of illegal products across the border based on the assessment observations. Also, the BMIS Help in dealing with the smuggling of immigrants across the airports through the provision of some security control such as inspection of both passenger and baggage, The security council resolution. Application of the global terrorism strategies helps provide traveling identity, such as issuance of traveling papers, an identity document, which provides accurate information concerning the travelers, and reasons for traveling across the border (World Health Organization, 2020).
To combat the main issues that arise, such as lack of document validation, officers lack access to travelers information, primarily through inspection, processing of passengers without considering the underlying risks, and lack of monitoring and control of luggage and passenger. Together with the Catdom government, the border management should focus on applying integrated border management, humanitarian border management, such as the use of standard operating procedures and identity management (Carr, Biswas, and Wheeler, 2020). However, the state and border management should embrace the use of the migration governance framework(MiGOF), which involved a well-managed type of migration. A well-managed migration should consider some fundamental principles, such as adherence to international standards and human migration rights, partnerships from other institution, such as the lea enforcement for security, use of orderly and dignifies methods and strategies, and formulation of best migration policies, as well as the dignified government, approaches.
Influential passengers and baggage security screening are very effective strategies, especially on improving screening tactics from medium to higher grade screening devices and expertise. The international funding of the modernization in Catdom passer processing process would Help in upgrading the systems, screening, and processing passenger’s identity, which Help reduce the rate of insecurity (Michalskis, et, al., 2020). However, the screening process should meet several minimum standards and laws based on the general laws, applying the authority and device manufacturing market. For instance, the baggage screening systems Help in detecting and examining the explosives detection system (EDS), evaluating images, and conducting an X-ray examination (Michalskis, et, al., 2020).
The screening process should be done in sessions, not only one session based on the system operating parameters. Influential travelers and baggage security should consider various factors, such as having a proper and enough number of staffs and authority to conduct the screening process, since the process is not a none time process., For instance, the airport should have four to five staff within twelve to fifteen workers hours to maintain a continuous and effective security process (Carr, Biswas, and Wheeler, 2020). The security control areas (SCA) should consider the passenger traffic, consider off-pick hours, and consider the initial cost of requirements, maintenance, and operating cot.
On the other hand, the border management system should consider identifying the choice of equipment types, where the price should balance with the passengers capacity it serves. However, the equipment should meet the minimum standards, especially regarding information stored, privacy, and passenger information confidentiality. Planning the airport security system, legislation, and security assessment process for the government and at a global state is critical in modifying systems’ dynamic parameter (Michalskis, et, al., 2020). The security systems parameter should consider both short-term and long-term needs and respond to security issues, such as a security emergency declaration such as a terrorist attack.
Several passengers processing method has been discovered, which does not require travelers person history, large data sets. For instance, the Bayesian hierarchical model helps in processing data storage of extensive data, especially raw data, and reduces computation time (Carr, Biswas, and Wheeler, 2020). The Bayesian hierarchical model helps predict a passenger and inspection through the use of information derived from the operations taking place at the international airport terminals. The bayesian processing model can be used together with other models, especially in exploration, Help infrequent updating, and considered passenger’s essential variables, such as the age of the traveler, sex, and nationality (Gerstein, et,al.,2018). On the other hand, the model helps evaluate passenger’s queuing process, where the system understands the cause-ad effect of delays and congestion during the processing time.
The model can also Help in predicting passenger behaviors and Help in applying basic quote passenger principles. The technology level is advancing every day, especially on machines and methods used in screening and processing passenger’s information in airports (Gerstein, et,al.,2018). The Catdom state should adopt many of the latest technologist and security trends that tend to work more effectively than traditional methods. For instance, the use of metal detection portals involves processes such as the screening of hand-carried baggage and the use of an X-ray imaging system (Carr, Biswas, and Wheeler, 2020). The metal-detection systems help detect the eddy currents in metallic items, such as explosives and other dangerous weapons that might be trafficked for conducting terror attacks. The passengers’ screening process can embrace several technologies, such as detection technology, x-rays, millimeter waves, and other new technologies that Help in detecting unfamiliar and dangerous weapons.
The state of Catdom’s critical issues are to make the right investment decision, and cost of security, and the financial interest derived from the airport planned investment (Gerstein, et,al.,2018). The border management, the governor of the state, and other policymakers should consider some things, especially avoiding making the wrong decision that could lead to mismanagement. Deciding on upgrading and adopting the advanced security screening systems is the best option because it would positively influence e the airport operation and overall production, including reputation (Gordyushova, et,al.,2020).
On the other hand, the management should work on detecting the illegal substance and improving security, information collection, use, and accessibility of the results provided by the system, which Help in developing new policies or renewal of policies. However, the screening process should be done using the current technologies and processes that consider all the general processes of screening, such as the input variable handbag baggage, input checked baggage, passenger screening, and output screening system Assessment. However, the systems and the operations should be assessed and rated based on the requirement and minimum standards (Gordyushova, et, al.,2020)
The risk assessment also Helps in replacing screening, security personnel, equipment, training staff, proper selection of SSO, maintaining a continuous monitoring process, and using technology to reduce errors and work (Arifin, and Bawono, 2019). On the other hand, the application of international laws ad national laws about security and human rights are significant, such as identity management, integrated border management, border management information systems, and humanitarian border management.

References
Arifin, R., & Bawono, S. K. (2019). Practices of the Quality of Government in Immigration Control at International Airports. International Journal of Sciences, 5, 442-456.
Carr, A., Biswas, T., & Wheeler, J. V. (2020). Airport operations and security screening: An examination of social justice. Journal of Air Transport Management, 85, 101814.
Gerstein, D. M., Atler, A., Davenport, A. C., Grill, B., Kadlec, A., & Young, W. (2018). Managing international borders: balancing security with the licit flow of people and goods. RAND Corporation Santa Monica United States.
Gordyushova, K. O., Rogavichene, L. I., Budrina, E. V., & Lebedeva, A. S. (2020, April). Biometric Technologies: Application Possibilities At Airport for Passenger Processing. In III International Scientific and Practical Conference” Digital Economy and Finances”(ISPC-DEF 2020) (pp. 49-52). Atlantis Press.
Michalski, K., Jurgilewicz, M., Kubiak, M., & Grądzka, A. (2020). THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SELECTIVE PASSENGER SCREENING SYSTEMS BASED ON DATA ANALYSIS AND BEHAVIORAL PROFILING IN THE SMART AVIATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT–CONDITIONS, CONSEQUENCES AND CONTROVERSIES. Journal of Security & Sustainability Issues, 9(4).
Møhl, P. (2018). Border control and blurred responsibilities at the airport. Security Blurs, the Politics of Plural Security Provision, 118-35.
Simmons, B. A. (2019). Border rules. International Studies Review, 21(2), 256-283.
Stevens, C. (2021). Person identification at airports during passport control. Forensic face matching: Research and practice, 1-14.
Thomopoulos, S. C. (2021). Risk Assessment and Automated Anomaly Detection Using a Deep Learning Architecture. In Artificial Neural Networks and Deep Learning-Applications and Perspective. IntechOpen.
World Health Organization. (2020). Management of ill traveller s at points of entry–international airports, seaports and ground crossings–in the context of COVID-19 outbreak: interim guidance, 16 February 2020 (No. WHO/2019-nCoV/POEmgmt/2020.1). World Health Organization.

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