Posted: May 24th, 2022

Incompatibility between mother and fetus in Rh blood type: First vs Second pregnancy

Incompatibility between mother and fetus in Rh blood type: First vs Second pregnancy
Main Post Claimed Topic Incompatibility between mother and fetus in Rh blood type: first or second pregnancy, as an illustration

Everyone has a different blood type, according to research. The ABO blood types A, B, AB, and O are the four blood types that exist in the world. The antigens found in a person’s blood cells can be used to determine that person’s blood type. Rh factor is a type of protein found on the surface of red blood cells that helps them to function properly. The Rh blood group is named after the rhesus monkey, in which the Rh antigens were discovered for the first time in 1940. (Saladin, 2020). Rh antigens are divided into three types: C, D, and E. C is the most common antigen, followed by D and E. Antigen D is the antigen that causes the most reactivity. People who are Rh positive (Rh +) are those who have the Rh antigen in their bloodstream (Saladin, 2020). If a person does not have the antigen, he or she is classified as Rh negative (Rh-) (Pegoraro et al, 2020). When a person’s blood type is mismatched with that of his or her second fetus, such as when the mother is Rh- and the fetus is Rh+, serious health consequences can result, including death from anemia in the mother. It is unlikely that any problems will arise if the mother is Rh+ and the first child is either Rh+ or Rh-. What is it about the first pregnancy that isn’t a problem, but the second pregnancy that is a problem? The mother will not be sensitized as a result of this.

There are usually no problems during a woman’s first pregnancy if she is +Rh- and the baby is Rh. This is true even if she is +Rh- and the baby is Rh. The mixing of fetal blood with the mother’s blood is a source of concern, and this most frequently occurs during delivery (Rh factor blood test, 2018). This results in the mother being exposed to the Rh + factor, which causes her to produce Rh antibodies, which are then used to attack any Rh- fetuses in subsequent pregnancies. An injection of RhoGAM, which contains antibodies to the Rh factor, is given to mothers who are Rh-positive. These antibodies bind to Rh+ fetal RBCs and ‘hide’ them from the mother’s immune system, allowing the fetus to develop normally.

preventing the formation of antibodies against the Rh factor It is necessary to administer the RhoGam shot each time a mother is pregnant with a Rh+ fetus. Saladin et al., 2020).

The RH factor will be tested for a second time during a woman’s second pregnancy by her OB/GYN in order to perform an antibody screen. This test is usually administered around Week 28. If a mother becomes pregnant with a Rh+fetus, the antibodies produced by the mother can pass through the placenta and agglutinate the fetal erythrocytes, resulting in birth defects (Saladin, 2020). This results in the development of a condition known as hemolytic anemia in the children born as a result of this (Saladin, 2020). Why should we be concerned? According to studies, 50 percent of women all over the world are not fully educated on this topic and do not receive immunoprophylaxis as a result of a lack of awareness about the disease (Pegoraro et al., 2020). It has the potential to make the difference between life and death.

W/C 432 is an abbreviation for Western Civilization 432.

Using Critical Thinking: Many women are overjoyed when they discover that they are pregnant. The fact remains that there are some issues that every woman should be aware of. The blood type of the expectant mother is one of the most important issues to be addressed during the first trimester of pregnancy. Rh can be remembered in the following ways: MRh+ BRh+ or BRh- = OK. (M stands for Mom, and B stands for Baby.) MRh- BRh+ = Unfavorable. Knowing one’s RH blood type is extremely important for the health of both the mother and the child during pregnancy. If a woman’s reproductive hormones are incompatible with her fetus, there are treatments available that can help her have a healthy pregnancy and birth. Mom will be able to devote more time to the important things, such as welcoming a healthy baby into the world. Personally, I am currently 12 weeks pregnant with my second child, and I will be having a blood test the following day. As with many others, I was never given a thorough education on Rh incompatibility.

WC 153 is an abbreviation for World Class 153.

References

Pegoraro, V., Urbinati, D., Visser, G. H. A., Di Renzo, G. C., Zipursky, A., Stotler, B. A., and Spitalnik, S. L. Pegoraro, V., Urbinati, D., Visser, G. H. A., Di Renzo, G. C., Zipursky, A., Stotler, B. A., and Sp (2020). Due to Rh(D) incompatibility, hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn infants can occur. Although preventable, this disease still causes significant morbidity and mortality in children. Public Library of Science Online, 15(7): eO235807; http://dx.doi.org/10.11371/journal.pone.00238

Mayo Clinic offers a Rh blood test (2018). The information was obtained from https://www.mayoclinic.org/test-procedures/h-factor/about/pac-20394960.

Saladin, K. et al (2020). Anatomy and Physiology: The Anatomical and Physiological Unit of Form and Function (9th ed.). Educational Publishers, McGraw-Hill

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