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Posted: May 24th, 2022
Epidemiology in Public and Global Health
Epidemiologic surveillance is used in public and global health. For this Assignment, begin by locating a recent article about an outbreak of an infectious or communicable disease. The article can come from a newspaper or other source but your paper must be supported with at least three scholarly sources of evidence in the literature which may include your text or course readings.
A summary of the article, including the title and author
Identify the title of the article with in-text citation and corresponding reference in reference list
The relationship among causal agents, susceptible persons, and environmental factors (epidemiological triangle)
The role of the nurse in addressing the outbreak
Possible health promotion/health protection strategies that could have been implemented by nurses to mitigate the outbreak
For this Assignment, review the following:
AWE Checklist (Level 4000)
Walden paper template (no abstract or running head required)
The Week 3 Assignment Rubric
Write a 3-page paper that includes the following:
Required Content
1. Summarized an article about an outbreak of infectious or communicable disease. Provide a fully developed the summary of an article about an outbreak of infectious or communicable disease with insightful analysis of concepts and related issues.
2. Described the relationship between causal agents, susceptible persons and the environmental factors that contributed to the outbreak. Provide a fully developed discussion of the relationship between causal agents, suscepible persons and the environmental factors that contributed to the outbreak with insightful analysis of concepts and related issues.
3. Described the leadership role of the public health nurse in the outbreak and 3-4 possible strategies that might be used to mitigate the outbreak. Provided a fully developed discussion of the leadership role of the public health nurse in the outbreak and 3-4 possible mitigation strategies with insightful analysis of concepts and related issues.
4. Demonstrates fully developed sentence, paragraph, and essay level skills. Displays academic expression through fully developed use of evidence from multiple sources to support content. Meets the 4000 AWE level with no writing issues and exceeds the minimum reference requirement.
5. Demonstrates fully developed APA formatting and referencing requirements with no formatting errors
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Epidemiology in Public and Global Health
Health Epidemiology in the Public and Global Health Sciences
Name of the Student Institutional Affiliation of the Student Course
Name of the instructor and the date
The following conversation is based on an article about Corona Virus, a modern infectious disease that is spreading over the world. Tanu Singhal’s article, ‘A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19),’ provides comprehensive information on the emergence and transmission of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (Covid-19). A unique virus known as Severe-Acute-Respiratory-Syndromic-Virus (SARS) is responsible for Corona Virus sickness, which affects the respiratory system, according to Singhal (2020). (SARS-CoV 2). In September of this year, medical professionals in Wuhan, China, discovered the virus during an out-of-office break in the city.
Tanu Singhal adds that by the end of January 2020, the Corona Virus had spread across a large area, prompting the World Health Organization to designate the virus a global health emergency. “Corona Virus is a global health emergency,” says Tanu Singhal. As of the end of February 2020, the Corona virus disease was spreading around the world in some parts of the world (Singhal, 2020). Following the disorder’s widespread spread, the World Health Organization categorizes the condition as a global pandemic requiring immediate medical intervention. It was COVID-19, which comes from the word Corona Virus 2019, that the World Health Organization assigned to this condition induced by SARS-CoV2.
The article goes on to discuss how the Corona Virus can spread from one person to another by respiratory droplets and various forms of physical contact involving bodily fluids, among other things. Medical researchers in China conducted research and determined that more than 75000 instances of Corona Virus were as a result of transmission through the respiratory system (Killerby, Biggs, Midgley, Gerber & Watson, 2020). Transmission through the respiratory system happens when an infected individual comes into close contact with another who is Corona Virus positive, and this transmission is aided by the symptoms of Corona Virus infection, such as coughing and sneezing. Another way to get the Corona Virus is by contact with infected individuals or by being in the same environment as them.
According to the literature, there is a relationship between the Covid-19 causal agent, susceptible individuals, and the environmental factors that contribute to the outbreak. Due to the fact that a person’s health status influences the transmission of the causative agent to that individual, there is a relationship between the three factors. Certain environmental factors, on the other hand, are influencing the spread of Covid-19’s causal agent, according to the researchers. In terms of susceptible individuals, the elderly and those suffering from chronic illnesses such as chronic respiratory ailments, heart disease, cancer, and diabetes are at a particularly high risk of getting SARS-CoV2 (Kleen, Galdon, MacDonald & Dalgleish, 2020). According to recent research, older persons in several nations are more vulnerable to Covid-19 hazards than their younger counterparts. It is the physiological changes that occur with age that are the most significant factor in increasing the chance of contracting Covid-19’s causative agent in the elderly population. These physiological changes have a negative impact on the health of these elderly people, exposing them to various disorders that are not related to Covid-19. Aging is a biological age characterized by the continuous damage of cells in various parts of the body, some of which are responsible for keeping the body safe from disease-causing organisms, and some of which are responsible for maintaining the body’s ability to fight disease (Kleen, Galdon, MacDonald & Dalgleish, 2020). If this cellular damage continues, the body’s ability to fight external infections, such as the causal agent of Covid-19, will deteriorate. When it comes to older people, a weakened immune system is the primary reason why the Covid-19 causal agent will be more prevalent. SARS-CoV-2 survival on surfaces is influenced by a variety of environmental factors, according to research findings. For example, SARS-CoV-2 is unable to survive for more than three days on surfaces that are directly exposed to the sun. The reason why the Covid-19 causal agent cannot survive on such surfaces is that the extreme intensity of sunlight causes the Covid-19 causal agent to become inactive, which makes it impossible for it to survive (Dabisch, Schuit, Herzog, Beck, Wood, Krause & Ratnesar-Shumate, 2021). As a result of this action of sunlight, it is possible that the proliferation of the Covid-19 causative agent in locations with long periods of sunlight will be limited in these areas. Tropical regions, for example, experience high levels of light intensity throughout the year and should be considered. The flow of air is another environmental component that may have an impact on the dissemination of the Covid-19 causative agent. Even though people are thousands of miles apart, the air conditioner and wind direction have an impact on the propagation of droplet illnesses. Infected areas can be reached by strong airflow from an area having remnants of the Covid-19 causative agent, enabling the spread of the Covid-19 virus to uninfected areas.
Despite the fact that medical practitioners have not yet discovered a direct cure for Corona Virus, public health nurse leaders can play a vital role in reducing the spread of the Covid-19 virus infection. Finding, reporting, collecting, and analyzing medical information on the Corona Virus is one of the most important roles nurse leaders may play in this area. Nurse leaders can be successful in Covid-19 research if they use modern medical resources to accomplish their goals. One of the medical research tools is the evidence-based practice paradigm, which allows them to interact with patients who are recovering from Corona Virus. This is one of the medical research tools (Xu, Yang, Du, Peng, Hu, Wang & Chang, 2020). Applying the evidence-based model on Covid-19 patients can Help nurse leaders to understand the nature and development of Covid-19.
The development of viable mitigating techniques to limit the spread of Covid-19 among the general public can also be done by medical professionals. One of these tactics is to provide health education to members of the public on topics such as safety precautions and personal cleanliness. Health education can have a long-term impact because it can demonstrate to people of the community how proper concepts of cleanliness can become a part of their everyday lives (Gray, Kurscheid, Mationg, Williams, Gordon, Kelly & McManus, 2020). Providers of rapid remedies to patients suffering from ailments related with Covid-19 is another technique that may be implemented by health professionals. However, the Corona Virus is causing complications and the most serious complication is a type of pneumonia known as the 2019 novel Corona Virus-infected Pneumonia (NCIP). Another strategy that medical practitioners can develop to address the spread of Covid-19 is coming up with alternative medical services that will reduce physical contact, especially in health facilities. A good example of an alternative healthcare service door to door services where nurses will treat patients from their homes.
References
Dabisch, P., Schuit, M., Herzog, A., Beck, K., Wood, S., Krause, M., … & Ratnesar-Shumate, S. (2021). The influence of temperature, humidity, and simulated sunlight on the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols. Aerosol Science and Technology, 55(2), 142-153.
Gray, D. J., Kurscheid, J., Mationg, M. L., Williams, G. M., Gordon, C., Kelly, M., … & McManus, D. P. (2020). Health-education to prevent COVID-19 in schoolchildren: a call to action. Infectious diseases of poverty, 9(1), 1-3.
Killerby, M. E., Biggs, H. M., Midgley, C. M., Gerber, S. I., & Watson, J. T. (2020). Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmission. Emerging infectious diseases, 26(2), 191.
Kleen, T. O., Galdon, A. A., MacDonald, A. S., & Dalgleish, A. G. (2020). Mitigating Coronavirus Induced Dysfunctional Immunity for At-Risk Populations in COVID-19: Trained Immunity, BCG and “New Old Friends”. Frontiers in immunology, 11, 2059.
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2020). Determinants of Health. Healthy People.gov.
Singhal, T. (2020). A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The Indian journal of pediatrics, 87(4), 281-286.
Xu, G., Yang, Y., Du, Y., Peng, F., Hu, P., Wang, R., … & Chang, C. (2020). Clinical pathway for early diagnosis of COVID-19: updates from experience to evidence-based practice. Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 59(1), 89-100.
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