Posted: May 1st, 2022

Project 1: Explore Networking In The Cloud ( Please Submit Steps 4, 5, 6, And 7 Separately)

Explore Networking in the Cloud
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Start Here
In CCA 610: Cloud Services and Technology, you assumed the role of an IT analyst
at BallotOnline, a company providing electronic voting solutions worldwide. Your
proposal to begin migrating systems to the cloud has been approved.
BallotOnline has now initiated preparations for the cloud deployment. The
company decided to start with deeper investigations of crucial technologies
enabling cloud computing. You became acquainted with the basics of these
technologies in CCA 610.
In this project, you will conduct more in-depth investigation of cloud networking,
which makes cloud connectivity on-demand operations possible. You need to have
a good understanding of this as you prepare the BallotOnline network for migration
to the cloud as well as designing the appropriate network infrastructure in the
cloud for BallotOnline.
To do that, you will assume the role of a BallotOnline network engineer. You will
explore the network protocols that enable the company and its customers to
connect to the cloud, as well as technologies making it possible to create ondemand in-cloud virtual networks into which the cloud resources will be deployed.
Step1: Review Networking Concepts
In this step, you will establish an understanding of networking concepts and terms.
It will help the recipients of your technical report, including BallotOnline’s technical
management, to become familiar with networking vocabulary and definitions.
You will start with reviewing basic networking concepts such as local area network
(LAN), Ethernet, and packet switching—the technique of splitting transmitted data
into smaller portions and transmitting them separately.
Splitting data into packets, transmitting the packets reliably, and reassembling the
data is performed by networking software. It is important to know about basic
networking concepts since they serve as the underlying technology for cloud
computing. This will ultimately prepare you to submit your technical report for this
project.
Networking software follows the popular model of layered design of network
protocols, with each layer using the functionality of the layer below it and
implementing new functionality to be used by the layer above. The technical report
should include the popular internet suite of protocols—TCP/IP. Application
protocols such as HTTP or SMTP are implemented in layers above TCP/IP.
Other basic networking concepts include Domain Name Service, network firewalls,
and Network Address Translation. As the network engineer for BallotOnline, you
know that these protocols play an important role in enabling cloud computing.
Now that you have completed your overview, move to the next step, where you will
take a closer look at the main protocol of the internet.
Step2: Explore Internet Packet Switching—IP
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the workhorse of today’s internet connectivity. As the
network engineer for BallotOnline, you know that today’s cloud computing is built
on top of IP. Most communication between systems in the cloud is done using this
protocol.
IP employs the technique of packet switching, which breaks the data to be
transmitted into smaller parts, called packets or datagrams, that are sent over the
network independently. Understanding IP is crucial to designing and maintaining
cloud deployments, which are provisioned within virtual IP networks and accessed
via global internet. You will review the basic elements of IP protocol and include
their brief discussion in your technical report.
Network devices have a network address to allow other devices to connect to it.
The network addresses used in IP are called IP addressing. BallotOnline will need
IPv4 addressing to be able to provide network addresses to a cloud system and to
create a virtual network in the cloud.
Every system on the network must have an IP address. The assignments of IP
addresses to the network systems can be done manually or dynamically through
a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server. As the network engineer
for BallotOnline, you know that manually assigning IP addresses is time-consuming
and should only be used on a small number of systems where the IP address will
not change frequently.
Because numeric addresses are not human-friendly, a domain/machine naming
convention defines human-readable names for internet hosts. An internet-based
service called DNS (Domain Name System) provides translation between the IP
addresses and the domain names. In general, people will use the domain names
when addressing a system on the internet instead of using its IP address. You will
need to explain in the technical report how DNS is used alongside IP addresses.
As the network engineer for BallotOnline, you also know the importance of IP
routing, the mechanism used to route the IP packets across the internet from the
sender to the recipient. IP routing of IP packets is accomplished by network
routers, which determine the next destination for each packet and are able to learn
new routes.
In the next step, you will take a closer look at Transmission Control Protocol (TCP),
another key cloud component.
Step 3: Investigate Internet Transport—TCP
As robust as the IP protocol is, it does not perform the actual transmission of the
data. In this step, you will investigate the network protocol called Transmission
Control Protocol (TCP), responsible for creation, reliability of delivery, and proper
assembling of data packets.
In addition to IP, TCP is also widely used on the internet, especially for any network
communication where it is essential to confirm receipt of the transmission. Many
of the network protocols used to implement cloud computing use both TCP and IP.
You will review TCP’s workings and discuss them in your final technical report.
In general, there is no guarantee that a data packet will reach its destination.
Packets can get lost or corrupted during transmission, and there are network
applications where you need assurance that the packets have reached their
destination. To achieve reliability, TCP establishes connections between
communicating hosts, using port numbers to refer to applications on these hosts.
Then, packets are created, sequenced, transmitted, acknowledged, and
retransmitted if missing or containing errors. Finally, at the destination, they are
reassembled into the original messages.
To synchronize the flow of packets between sender and receiver, and avoid packet
congestion in case of varying speeds, TCP uses sliding windows for packets
remaining in processing at a given time, at both the sender and receiver ends.
In the next step, you will look into subnetting BallotOnline’s IP addresses.
Step 4: Review Advantages of IP Subnetting
One of the drawbacks of IPv4 is the maximum number of network devices it can
support. IPv4 addressing uses a 32-bit network address. This allows for 232,, or a
little over 4 billion devices. However, today there are significantly more devices on
the internet. Even though the more robust IPv6 version has been introduced and
efforts are under way to assure wide adoption, IPv4 is still widely used.
One method used to more efficiently use the IPv4 network addresses is a
technique to optimize the addresses by splitting them into network addresses and
host addresses within designated networks. You will need to take advantage of IP
address splitting so that you can efficiently use and allocate the IPv4 network
addresses that have been assigned to BallotOnline.
For a given large network, rather than addressing all the hosts using the host part
of the address, subnetting allows for splitting the network into several smaller
ones by borrowing the host part bits and adding them to the network bits. It
supports efficient management of local networks composed of multiple LANs. In
this step, you will investigate subnetting conventions and discuss them in your
final report in order to lay ground for the use of subnets by BallotOnline.
As the network engineer for BallotOnline, you know that subnetting a network into
several smaller and variable-sized networks will be best for the organization’s
needs. BallotOnline has been assigned a network address block by the Internet
Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
Because BallotOnline has several offices around the world, you will need to subnet
this network address to assign just the right number of addresses to each office
location based on the number of systems at that office location (the network
address assigned by IANA and the number of offices along with their sizes will be
provided in the announcement section of this class at the beginning of Week 2).
Your task is to create the appropriate number of subnets with the right size to
optimize the network.
Your technical report should include Classless Interdomain Routing
(CIDR) notation, which allows for specifying a variable-length network as part of
the IPv4 address, leaving the rest for addressing hosts within the network.
Submit the network information in the submission box below.
Capture and Analyze Network Traffic
Transcript
CCA625 Project 1 Step 5
Another skill that you will need as the network engineer for BallotOnline is being
able to capture network traffic. It’s important to analyze network traffic to find and
troubleshoot network issues. This method is commonly used to identify a
malfunctioning network device or to detect a possible network issue, such as an
ongoing network attack. Normally, this process can take hours, days, or even
weeks, depending on the size of the network and the specific traffic that you are
trying to capture and analyze. In this scenario, you will be provided with a
captured network traffic and you will be directed to look for specific network
packets.
You will use Wireshark, a popular open-source network traffic capture and analysis
tool. To analyze the capture file provided to you, here is an introductory tutorial.
Follow the steps in the Analyzing Network Traffic Using Wireshark Guide and
prepare a lab report with answers and screenshots to support your answers. The
lab report will be attached to your final technical report to demonstrate your
proficiency in using the tool to do basic network analysis.
In the next step, you will look at standards for software-defined networking.
Explore Networks Inside the Cloud—SDN
Cloud computing defines network resources as needing to be “rapidly provisioned
and released with minimal management effort or service provider
interaction” (Mell & Grance, 2011), As cloud networks developed, it was clear that
further virtualization of network devices such as switches and routers was needed.
This led to what is known as software-defined networking (SDN) technology,
enabling programmatic interfaces to control functions of these devices. You know
that it will be important for management to understand how SDN supports cloud
deployments like BallotOnline’s, so it will be a key part of your technical report.
Instead of manually programming network devices to configure a LAN, cloud
management systems using SDN can set these devices up to forward packets to
particular destinations by “calling” SDN APIs (application programming interfaces
– libraries of software routines). This allows for the creation of virtual networks in
the cloud by software.
The most popular SDN standard is OpenFlow by the Open Networking
Foundation. OpenFlow switches include SDN controllers, which maintain flow
tables to control forwarding of IP datagrams, and they can learn routes as IP
packets when particular source and destination addresses arrive.
References
Mell, P., & Grance, T. (2011). SP 800-145: The NIST definition of cloud computing.
Retrieved from https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-145/final
Once you participate in the discussion below, proceed to the next step. There, you
will use a network simulator to show how packets are transmitted.
Software-Defined Network Discussion
Discuss what software-defined networking is and what networking challenges it
addresses. What is the role of OpenFlow protocol? Describe how BallotOnline
could benefit from SDN in its cloud deployment.
Once you have submitted your post, make sure your response advances the
conversation. Do not simply agree or disagree with a post, but instead explain the
reasons for your opinions and how they relate to your experiences.
Simulate a Network With Mininet
Transcript
CCA625 Project 1 Step 7
To demonstrate your understanding how network packets are transmitted in the
cloud, you will use Mininet, a popular open-source network simulator that can be
used together with Wireshark. This demonstration will be part of your technical
report. Follow the steps in this Simulating a Network Using Mininet and Analyzing
Packets Using Wireshark Guide.
Please be sure to review the AWS Academy Learner Labs Student Guide.
During the lab, you will provision an EC2 instance in AWS using a
preconfigured AWS Machine Image (AMI) and use the Mininet simulator in the EC2
instance to create two hosts. You will then use Wireshark to capture the packet
exchanges.
You will prepare a lab report as per the lab guide and attach it to your final
technical report.
Submit Networking in the Cloud Technical Report
As your final submission, you will write a technical report about networking in the
cloud. It will be addressed to BallotOnline technical managers to help them
understand how these networking technologies will be implemented as
BallotOnline migrates to the cloud.
It will include technical review of the topics covered in the project. Follow
the Networking in the Cloud Technical Report Template to cover all the topics
required. Make sure you provide headings to clearly identify sections of your
report. The technical review part of the report should be eight to 12 pages. You
should also include both Project 1 lab reports, with incorporated feedback from
Steps 5 and 7 if any.

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Explore Networking in the Cloud Print
Start Here
In CCA 610: Cloud Services and Technology, you assumed the role of an IT analyst at BallotOnline, a company providing electronic voting solutions worldwide. Your proposal to begin migrating systems to the cloud has been approved.
BallotOnline has now initiated preparations for the cloud deployment. The company decided to start with deeper investigations of crucial technologies enabling cloud computing. You became acquainted with the basics of these technologies in CCA 610.
In this project, you will conduct more in-depth investigation of cloud networking, which makes cloud connectivity on-demand operations possible. You need to have a good understanding of this as you prepare the BallotOnline network for migration to the cloud as well as designing the appropriate network

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