Posted: April 26th, 2022

Finance for Decision Makers: Element 1,

Finance for Decision Makers: Element 1, Individual critical analysis of financial
information for an organization, 100%
Module Leader: Shahrukh Irfan
Key Details and Requirements
Submission deadline: Week 13: Friday 30 September 2022, No later than 16:30
Learning outcomes to be achieved:
1. Critically discuss and evaluate the requirements of contemporary managers in
relation to decision making and financial management in modern business
context.
2. Critically discuss and apply quantitative and qualitative management skills in
decision-making, including behavioural issues.
3. Apply modern financial and decision-making skills in advising a strategically
focused organisation.
Assessment details: Element 1, Individual critical analysis of financial information
for an organization (2,500 words), 100%
Referencing: Students are expected to use Harvard Referencing throughout their
assignments where required. Please follow the Harvard Referencing Handbook for all
your assignments at the ULBS.
Submission Method: Turnitin – Your work needs to be put through Turnitin. All
submissions will be electronically checked for plagiarism.
You have the option to upload your work ahead of the deadline, ULBS will be reviewing
your last submission only.
Turnitin cannot be used for late submissions. In such case, you should send your work
to Turnitin-submissions@law.ac.uk
If you experience issues when uploading your work, please email it by the deadline to
Turnitin-submissions@law.ac.uk
Please note that you can deviate +- 10% from the word limit stated on each
assignment.
ASSESSMENT DETAILS
Each individual student will research, prepare a critical analysis of financial information
for a FTSE 100 company, and submit a formal essay.
For developing this essay, each student must select ONE company as a case study.
Any company in any sector of industry could be a valid option.
Students should note that the annual reports of FTSE100 companies are available on
their websites and are easily accessible. The annual reports include a wealth of
information including both financial and non-financial information. Commentary both
from the company and from analysts outside the company will be required to guide the
analysis. You can also use other reliable sources of information like industry reports,
economic data published by various government and non-government organisations
and any other information that you deem fit for the purposes of your analysis.
The essay should summarise the following aspects of the company’s performance
(NOTICE: no separate answers to each question are expected. These questions are
to make apparent the core issues faced by companies):
1) Using financial reports data for a total of 5 years, 4 years pre-Covid-19 crisis (i.e.,
2016-2019) AND the Covid-19 crisis years (i.e., 2020-21) each student is expected
to focus their attention on the general strengths and weaknesses that the company
had before the crisis, and any possible changes in the company circumstances
during the crisis, including information from 2021 whenever possible. Notice that as
financial, annual and other reports for the year 2021 will not be complete, any partial
reports and information could be used to inform your discussion. Constraints in
access to information must be made apparent in the “methodology” and the
“analysis” section of the essay.
2) As the company selected as a case study may be a multinational corporation,
students have to appreciate that the company’s performance may differ from other
companies who only trade in the UK because their revenues may depend on
different countries, which were less/more affected by the crisis. This factor should
be an interesting point to develop by looking at the particular location of operations
which have suffered more during the crisis, the type of
activities/operations/products of the company which have been more/less harmed,
and to find out any possible variations in the short-term strategy of the company
during 2020-21.
3) Clearly identify the specific financial, risk and annual reports, the accounts and the
ratios in the corresponding financial statements depicting information of positive
and negative consequences of the crisis versus the pre-crisis performance. Has
the company changed its capital structure by taking/issuing more debt/equity? Has
the company changed its Working Capital policies/ratios? Has the company fulfilled
any investment plans during the crisis period or delayed investments which were
scheduled in advance to 2020-21? Have the profitability indicators been
acutely/slightly affected by the crisis? How has the company progressed in the
application of the ESG Criteria?
4) Clearly identify the reports, accounts, ratios, and intelligence provided by external
analysts. Incorporate relevant information about Helpance/support received from
government or Bank of England policies during the crisis. If commentaries are not
openly identified in the company’s financial statements and accounts, students are
expected to notice this fact and state possible reasons for the missing
information/details.
5) Visibly ascertain the risk factors that the company should be surveying after the
crisis (i.e., short-term and medium-term after the crisis), and relate each one of
these risk factors to explicit financial reports, accounts and ratios that must be
monitored by the corresponding financial manager, the executive and board of
directors of the company, and any potential investors and stakeholders.
The essay is to be handed in by the submission date including all academic references
used in the presentation. References will be provided in alphabetical order using the
Harvard system (Guidelines to be followed in the structure of the essay is contained in
Appendix 1).
There is a selection of suggested articles in Appendix 2, which complements the
reading in the Study Guide for the module. These articles will Help students in
identifying core impacts from the pandemic crisis on the business sector. Some of the
issues arising in these articles apply to your case study. Some may not. Thus, you will
need to understand and be able to explain why the selected company is or is not
affected as the general characterisation made in the suggested articles envisages.
Each student is expected to demonstrate both their understanding of financial
information from a managerial/financial analyst perspective, and their competency
using concepts and relationships in their analysis of a real company in its up to date
environmental conditions.
Module Assessment Criteria
Class Attributes Marks
Distinction Illustrates an excellent level of understanding of complex issues
in the subject. All requirements of the work are dealt with to a
high standard and the work is free from all but isolated minor
errors. The material is wholly relevant to the tasks.
Excellent analysis, synthesis and critical reflection with the ability
to tackle issues and questions not previously encountered.
Evidence of independent and original judgment in relation to the
resolution of the client’s needs and problems. Excellently
presented in terms of structure and professional style
70-100%
Commendation Illustrates a very good understanding of the issues in the subject,
some of which are likely to be complex with some independent
critical thought appropriate to the tasks. Most of the requirements
of the work are covered with only a few gaps or minor and
inconsequential errors. The material is largely relevant to the tasks
and there is a good attempt at analysis, synthesis and critical
reflection with evidence of some ability to tackle issues not
previously encountered. The work is presented in a clear and well organised manner with only minor spelling and grammatical
errors.
60 -69%
Pass The work displays good knowledge and understanding and its
relevance to the task. The submission exhibits clear analysis and
reasonable use of grammar, spelling and language. It may
contain errors and lack fluency. Limited evidence of the ability to
sustain a relevant argument or logical reasoning.
50 – 59%
Fail Exhibits an unsatisfactory grasp of the issues in the subject.
Primarily descriptive and lacking in independent critical thought
appropriate to the tasks. Weak or no attempt at analysis, synthesis
and critical reflection with little evidence of ability to tackle issues
not previously encountered. Poor spelling or other grammatical
errors.
0 – 49%
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1. WRITTEN ESSAY. GUIDELINES. Presentation Structure
APPENDIX 2. SUGGESTED READING MATERIAL
__________________________________________________________
APPENDIX 1. WRITTEN ESSAY.
GUIDELINES. Presentation Structure
The written assignment should include the following sections:
– Front page: with title, name of the course, name of the university, date, word counting, Candidate’s
number.
– Introduction: Brief paragraph with a general rationale/motivation for your choice of the
company/case study, and main highlights in the structure of the assignment.
– Methodology: This section describes in a concise manner the way the research and analysis has
been carried out. This means that there should be a few brief paragraphs providing an overview of
the reasons for choosing the company, the chosen sources of data for the case study (e.g., company’s
site and financial reports, specialized analyst pages, Bloomberg, etc.). You should also mention the
period under consideration (i.e., 2016-2020-21), the procedure followed for collecting and processing
the data/information employed (e.g., did you calculate the company’s financial ratios), rationale of
data used in the essay (e.g., financial reports, financial statements, financial ratios, graphs and tables
focused on/drawn on within the discussion, etc.) Please, remember to mention whether the graphs
and tables are produced by the student or have been taken/copied from other sources.
-Literature Review: This section will contain the theoretical framework for your analysis. It comprises
a few brief paragraphs with quotations/references/explanations (in some detail) regarding the core
relevant financial concepts/reports/accounts/ratios and relationships to be applied in the discussion
of the selected case (e.g., you may emphasize how the importance/relevance of particular information,
statements, accounts, and ratios may change from the “ordinary period” (i.e., 2016-2019) versus the
crisis phase (i.e., 2020-21).
– Analysis/Discussion: Critical application of financial analysis concepts and relationships between
financial information and an individual company. This section shows how the financial reports,
statements, and ratios disclosed by the selected company can help to understand its evolution and
performance. Remember to refer articles, reports, and data (e.g., in tables and graphs) to justify and
support the statements made during the analysis. The discussion may also consider how the company
may have benefitted from the support of the government and central banks during the crisis and how
different this company’s performance could be compared to the sector of industry in the country
where the parent company is located (i.e., Remember that Multinational Corporations -MNCs- may
divert production and sales around the world in a way that local or less diversified companies cannot
do). The analysis must also highlight and explain the benefits and/or drawbacks from the crisis on the
general financial results of the selected company. Finally, the essay is expected to offer a well-defined
list of those remaining risks which may affect the company in the near future (i.e., requiring the
attention by the company’s financial manager and executive). Bring to mind those risks to be
scrutinized and tracked by investors and stakeholders to make sure the company can fully recuperate
in the years to come. Do not forget to mention the application of the ESG Criteria by the company.
– Conclusion: This section is a systematic reflection on the different parts of the Assignment, and
about how the information generated by financial reporting and analysis could be core for decision
making, and for guaranteeing the survival of the selected company.
-List of References: (the list does NOT count towards the word-count)
The minimum information for all the sources used in your assignment comprises (Please, refer to
Harvard reference standards):
1. Books and Journals: (a) first author (b) title of article or book (c) title of journal (if relevant) (d)
volume number (e) year of publication (f) publisher (books only)
2. Internet sources: full reference of Web-based sources providing details of author, name of
articles/report, date of publication, date of accessing the site.
3. Any other relevant source of information (e.g., videos, news, etc.)
– Appendices: (these do NOT count towards your word total)
a) If considered appropriate, any article/report that was core to support the statements contained in
the assignment.
b) Any other additional information that is not essential for the main discussion, but it was significant
for writing the assignment, being complementary to your discussion/analysis (e.g., significant extra
tables and graphs).
REMEMBER:
* The assignment marks will be allocated to the individual student depending on the suitable choice
of articles, use of pertinent financial analysis concepts, depth of coverage in the discussion, and
sound application of financial theory. Marks will also be awarded subject to a logical structure of the
report, language and referencing.
* Use as many textbooks, articles, reports, videos, data, and serious academic and business
material as considered useful. Better research and critical analysis will receive better marks.
* Always write in third person (e.g., this assignment, the research, the theory, the textbook, the
article by…, the presentation by…,)
* All written assignments must be submitted using a WORD format via Turnitin. If you experience
issues when uploading your work, please email it by the deadline to Turnitin-submissions@law.ac.uk
* Please look below to links for information on the Harvard Referencing Style. Be careful when
quoting other people’s work within your own Paper to avoid penalties for Plagiarism.
* Keep a copy of your assignment.
REGARDING REFERENCES:
Useful URLs for Harvard Style of Referencing:
• UK Essays (n.d.) Harvard Referencing Guide, Available on-line at:
https://www.ukessays.com/referencing/harvard/ [Accessed 14/12/20]
• Anglia Ruskin University (n.d.) Harvard System. Available on line at:
https://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm [Accessed 14/12/20]
APPENDIX 2. SUGGESTED READING MATERIAL
• The Economist (12/06/21) A new architecture. A less loophole-riddled system for taxing
companies is within reach Online at: https://www.economist.com/leaders/2021/06/12/a less-loophole-riddled-system-for-taxing-companies-is-within-reach (Accessed 15/06/21)
• The Economist (05/04/21). The land that ambition forgot. Europe is now a corporate also ran. Can it recover its footing? Online at:
https://www.economist.com/briefing/2021/06/05/once-a-corporate-heavyweight europe-is-now-an-also-ran-can-it-recover-its-footing (Accessed 15/06/21)
• The Economist (13/06/21) Bunged up. How green bottlenecks threaten the clean energy
business. Online at: https://www.economist.com/leaders/2021/06/12/how-green bottlenecks-threaten-the-clean-energy-business (Accessed 15/06/21)
• The jabs and the jab-nots. Uneven vaccination rates are creating a new economic divide.
Online at: https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2021/06/13/uneven vaccination-rates-are-creating-a-new-economic-divide (Accessed 15/06/21)
• The Economist (24/03/20) The importance of people people. The coronavirus crisis
thrusts corporate HR chiefs into the spotlight. Online at:
https://www.economist.com/business/2020/03/24/the-coronavirus-crisis-thrusts corporate-hr-chiefs-into-the-spotlight (Accessed 15/06/21)
• PNAS (28/07/20). RESEARCH ARTICLE. The impact of COVID-19 on small business
outcomes and expectations. By Alexander W. Bartik, Marianne Bertrand, Zoe Cullen,
Edward L. Glaeser. Online at: https://www.pnas.org/content/117/30/17656 [Accessed
14/12/20]
• McKinsey (09/12/20) COVID-19: Implications for business. Executive briefing. COVID-19
and the great reset: Briefing note #35, December 9, 2020. Online at:
https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/risk/our-insights/covid-19-implications for-business# [Accessed 14/12/20]
• McKinsey (16/06/20). How the COVID-19 crisis is affecting UK small and medium-size
enterprises. By Maria Albonico, Zdravko Mladenov, and Ruchi Sharma. Online at:
https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-and-social-sector/our-insights/how-the covid-19-crisis-is-affecting-uk-small-and-medium-size-enterprises [Accessed 14/12/20]
• Daily Maverik (01/04/20) Coronavirus #Lockdown. Covid-19 impact on small business is
immediate — and many fall through the official safety net. By Marianne Merten• 1 April
2020. Online at: https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-04-01-covid-19-impact on-small-business-is-immediate-and-many-fall-through-the-official-safety-net/ [Accessed
14/12/20]
• Live Design (19/08/20) BUSINESS & PEOPLE NEWS. The 2020 Pandemic: Impact Of COVID 19 on the live events industry. By Ellen Lampert-Greaux Aug 19, 2020. Online at:
https://www.livedesignonline.com/business-people-news/2020-pandemic-impact-covid 19-live-events-industry [Accessed 14/12/20]
• International Labour Organization (n.d.) COVID-19 and the world of work. Sectoral
impact, responses and recommendations. Online at:
https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/coronavirus/sectoral/langen/index.htm [Accessed
14/12/20]
• Gov.uk (12/11/20) Collection. Financial support for businesses during coronavirus (COVID 19). Online at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/financial-support-for businesses-during-coronavirus-covid-19 [Accessed 14/12/20]
• Gallup (15/03/20) COVID-19 Strategies and Policies of the World’s Largest Companies. By
Larry Emond And Ellyn Maese. Online at:
https://www.gallup.com/workplace/292334/covid-strategies-policies-world-largest companies.aspx [Accessed 14/12/20]
• Bloomberg (26/03/20). Covid-19: Listed Companies’ Disclosure Obligations on
Coronavirus. Bloomberg Quint Opinion. By Arindam Ghosh, Moin Ladha, and Gaurav
Malhotra. Online at: https://www.bloombergquint.com/opinion/covid-19-listed companies-disclosure-obligations-on-coronavirus [Accessed 14/12/20] Copyright ©
BloombergQuint
• Deloitte Insights (03/03/20). The economic impact of COVID-19 (novel coronavirus).
COVID-19 could affect the global economy in three main ways. Online at:
https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/economy/covid-19/economic-impact-covid 19.html [Accessed 14/12/20]
• Oxford Business Group (24/04/20). The impact of Covid-19 on global supply chains.
Online at: https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/news/impact-covid-19-global-supply-chains
[Accessed 14/12/20]
• ICAEW (n.d.). Financial management implications of coronavirus. Online at:
https://www.icaew.com/technical/business-and-management/financial management/financial-management-implications-of coronavirus#:~:text=Financial%20management%20%E2%80%93%20the%20art%20of%20
the%20possible,through%20the%20issues%20and%20helping%20their%20businesses%2
0respond. [Accessed 14/12/20]
• The Economist (09/12/20). A year of raising furiously. Companies have raised more capital
in 2020 than ever before. What now? Business Dec 9th 2020 edition. Online at:
https://www.economist.com/business/2020/12/09/companies-have-raised-more-capital in-2020-than-ever-before [Accessed 11/12/20]
Useful URLs for obtaining financial data and comments on companies:
Yahoo Finance: Online at: https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/
Bloomberg: Online at: https://www.bloomberg.com/europe
The Financial Times: https://www.ft.com/
The Economist: https://www.economist.com
Investopedia (09/01/21) Top 6 Websites for Finding a Company’s Financial Stats. By JEAN FOLGER.
Updated Jan 9, 2021. Online at: https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0911/top-6-websites for-finding-financial-stats.aspx (Accessed 15/06/21)

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