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10/7/2016 Marc Andreessen on Why Software Is Eating the World ­ WSJ

10/7/2016 Marc Andreessen on Why Software Is Eating the World ­ WSJ

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This week, Hewlett-Packard (the place I’m on the board) introduced that it’s exploring jettisoning its struggling PC enterprise in favor of investing extra closely in software program, the place it sees higher potential for progress. In the meantime, Google plans to purchase up the cellphone handset maker Motorola Mobility. Each strikes shocked the tech world. However each strikes are additionally in step with a development I’ve noticed, one which makes me optimistic about the future progress of the American and world economies, regardless of the current turmoil in the inventory market.

Briefly, software program is consuming the world.

Greater than 10 years after the peak of the 1990s dot-com bubble, a dozen or so new Web firms like Fb and Twitter are sparking controversy in Silicon Valley, because of their quickly rising non-public market valuations, and even the occasional profitable IPO. With scars from the heyday of Webvan and Pets.com nonetheless contemporary in the investor psyche, persons are asking, “Is not this only a harmful new bubble?”

I, together with others, have been arguing the different facet of the case. (I’m co-founder and basic accomplice of enterprise capital agency Andreessen-Horowitz, which has invested in Fb, Groupon, Skype, Twitter, Zynga, and Foursquare, amongst others. I’m additionally personally an investor in LinkedIn.) We imagine that lots of the outstanding new Web firms are constructing actual, high-growth, high-margin, extremely defensible companies.

Right this moment’s inventory market really hates expertise, as proven by all-time low value/earnings ratios for main public expertise firms. Apple, for instance, has a P/E ratio of round 15.2—about the similar as the broader inventory market, regardless of Apple’s immense profitability and dominant market place (Apple in the final couple weeks grew to become the largest firm in America, judged by market capitalization, surpassing Exxon Mobil).

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ESSAY

Why Software Is Eating The World

August 20, 2011 By MARC ANDREESSEN

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10/7/2016 Marc Andreessen on Why Software Is Eating the World ­ WSJ

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And, maybe most telling, you may’t have a bubble when persons are consistently screaming “Bubble!”

However an excessive amount of of the debate remains to be round monetary valuation, versus the underlying intrinsic worth of the better of Silicon Valley’s new firms. My very own principle is that we’re in the center of a dramatic and broad technological and financial shift through which software program firms are poised to take over massive swathes of the economic system.

An increasing number of main companies and industries are being run on software program and delivered as on-line companies—from films to agriculture to nationwide protection. A lot of the winners are Silicon Valley-style entrepreneurial expertise firms which are invading and overturning established trade constructions. Over the subsequent 10 years, I anticipate many extra industries to be disrupted by software program, with new world-beating Silicon Valley firms doing the disruption in additional instances than not.

Why is that this taking place now?

Six many years into the laptop revolution, 4 many years since the invention of the microprocessor, and twenty years into the rise of the trendy Web, all of the expertise required to rework industries via software program lastly works and could be broadly delivered at world scale.

Over two billion folks now use the broadband Web, up from maybe 50 million a decade in the past, once I was at Netscape, the firm I co-founded. In the subsequent 10 years, I anticipate at the least 5 billion folks worldwide to personal smartphones, giving each particular person with such a cellphone immediate entry to the full energy of the Web, each second of day-after-day.

On the again finish, software program programming instruments and Web-based companies make it simple to launch new world software-powered start-ups in lots of industries—with out the have to put money into new infrastructure and practice new workers. In 2000, when my accomplice Ben Horowitz was CEO of the first cloud computing firm, Loudcloud, the value of a buyer operating a fundamental Web software was roughly $150,000 a month. Operating that very same software at this time in Amazon’s cloud prices about $1,500 a month.

With decrease start-up prices and a vastly expanded marketplace for on-line companies, the result’s a world economic system that for the first time will likely be absolutely digitally wired—the dream of each cyber-visionary of the early 1990s, lastly delivered, a full era later.

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10/7/2016 Marc Andreessen on Why Software Is Eating the World ­ WSJ

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Maybe the single most dramatic instance of this phenomenon of software program consuming a conventional enterprise is the suicide of Borders and corresponding rise of Amazon. In 2001, Borders agreed at hand over its on-line enterprise to Amazon below the principle that on-line ebook gross sales have been non-strategic and unimportant.

Oops.

Right this moment, the world’s largest bookseller, Amazon, is a software program firm— its core functionality is its wonderful software program engine for promoting nearly the whole lot on-line, no retail shops mandatory. On prime of that, whereas Borders was thrashing in the throes of impending chapter, Amazon rearranged its website online to advertise its Kindle digital books over bodily books for the first time. Now even the books themselves are software program.

Right this moment’s largest video service by variety of subscribers is a software program firm: Netflix. How Netflix eviscerated Blockbuster is an previous story, however now different conventional leisure suppliers are going through the similar risk. Comcast, Time Warner and others are responding by remodeling themselves into software program firms with efforts akin to TV In all places, which liberates content material from the bodily cable and connects it to smartphones and tablets.

Right this moment’s dominant music firms are software program firms, too: Apple’s iTunes, Spotify and Pandora. Conventional file labels more and more exist solely to supply these software program firms with content material. Business income from digital channels totaled $four.6 billion in 2010, rising to 29% of complete income from 2% in 2004.

Right this moment’s quickest rising leisure firms are videogame makers—once more, software program—with the trade rising to $60 billion from $30 billion 5 years in the past. And the quickest rising main videogame firm is Zynga (maker of video games together with FarmVille), which delivers its video games solely on-line. Zynga’s first-quarter revenues grew to $235 million this yr, greater than double revenues from a yr earlier. Rovio, maker of Indignant Birds, is anticipated to clear $100 million in income this yr (the firm was almost bankrupt when it debuted the standard recreation on the iPhone in late 2009). In the meantime, conventional videogame powerhouses like Digital Arts and Nintendo have seen revenues stagnate and fall.

The very best new film manufacturing firm in lots of many years, Pixar, was a software program firm. Disney—Disney!—had to purchase Pixar, a software program firm, to stay related in animated films.

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10/7/2016 Marc Andreessen on Why Software Is Eating the World ­ WSJ

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Images, after all, was eaten by software program way back. It is nearly not possible to purchase a cell phone that does not embrace a software-powered digicam, and images are uploaded routinely to the Web for everlasting archiving and world sharing. Corporations like Shutterfly, Snapfish and Flickr have stepped into Kodak’s place.

Right this moment’s largest direct advertising platform is a software program firm— Google. Now it has been joined by Groupon, Dwelling Social, Foursquare and others, that are utilizing software program to eat the retail advertising trade. Groupon generated over $700 million in income in 2010, after being in enterprise for less than two years.

Right this moment’s quickest rising telecom firm is Skype, a software program firm that was simply purchased by Microsoft for $eight.5 billion. CenturyLink, the third largest telecom firm in the U.S., with a $20 billion market cap, had 15 million entry strains at the finish of June 30— declining at an annual fee of about 7%. Excluding the income from its Qwest acquisition, CenturyLink’s income from these legacy companies declined by greater than 11%. In the meantime, the two largest telecom firms, AT&T and Verizon, have survived by remodeling themselves into software program firms, partnering with Apple and different smartphone makers.

LinkedIn is at this time’s quickest rising recruiting firm. For the first time ever, on LinkedIn, workers can preserve their very own resumes for recruiters to go looking in actual time—giving LinkedIn the alternative to eat the profitable $400 billion recruiting trade.

Software can be consuming a lot of the worth chain of industries which are broadly seen as primarily present in the bodily world. In at this time’s vehicles, software program runs the engines, controls security options, entertains passengers, guides drivers to locations and connects every automotive to

cell, satellite tv for pc and GPS networks. The times when a automotive aficionado might restore his or her personal automotive are long gone, due primarily to the excessive software program content material. The development towards hybrid and electrical autos will solely speed up the software program shift—electrical vehicles are utterly laptop managed. And the creation of software-powered driverless vehicles is already below manner at Google and the main automotive firms.

Right this moment’s main real-world retailer, Wal-Mart, makes use of software program to energy its logistics and distribution capabilities, which it has used to crush its competitors. Likewise for FedEx, which is finest regarded as a software program community that occurs to have vehicles, planes and distribution hubs connected. And the success or failure of airways at this time and in the future hinges on their means to cost tickets and optimize routes and yields appropriately—with software program.

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10/7/2016 Marc Andreessen on Why Software Is Eating the World ­ WSJ

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Oil and gasoline firms have been early innovators in supercomputing and information visualization and Assessment, that are essential to at this time’s oil and gasoline exploration efforts. Agriculture is more and more powered by software program as properly, together with satellite tv for pc Assessment of soils linked to per-acre seed choice software program algorithms.

The monetary companies trade has been visibly reworked by software program over the final 30 years. Virtually each monetary transaction, from somebody shopping for a cup of espresso to somebody buying and selling a trillion dollars of credit score default derivatives, is finished in software program. And plenty of of the main innovators in monetary companies are software program firms, akin to Sq., which permits anybody to simply accept bank card funds with a cell phone, and PayPal, which generated greater than $1 billion in income in the second quarter of this yr, up 31% over the earlier yr.

Well being care and schooling, for my part, are subsequent up for basic software-based transformation. My enterprise capital agency is backing aggressive start-ups in each of those gigantic and important industries. We imagine each of those industries, which traditionally have been extremely immune to entrepreneurial change, are primed for tipping by nice new software-centric entrepreneurs.

Even nationwide protection is more and more software-based. The fashionable fight soldier is embedded in an online of software program that gives intelligence, communications, logistics and weapons steering. Software-powered drones launch airstrikes with out placing human pilots in danger. Intelligence businesses do large-scale information mining with software program to uncover and monitor potential terrorist plots.

Corporations in each trade have to assume software program revolution is coming. This contains even industries which are software-based at this time. Nice incumbent software program firms like Oracle and Microsoft are more and more threatened with irrelevance by new software program choices like Salesforce.com and Android (particularly in a world the place Google owns a significant handset maker).

In some industries, notably these with a heavy real-world element akin to oil and gasoline, the software program revolution is primarily a chance for incumbents. However in lots of industries, new software program concepts will end in the rise of latest Silicon Valley-style start-ups that invade present industries with impunity. Over the subsequent 10 years, the battles between incumbents and software-powered insurgents will likely be epic. Joseph Schumpeter, the economist who coined the time period “inventive destruction,” can be proud.

And whereas folks watching the values of their 401(okay)s bounce up and down the previous couple of weeks would possibly doubt it, this can be a profoundly optimistic story for the American economic system, specifically. It is not an accident that lots of the largest current expertise firms— together with Google, Amazon, eBay and extra—are American firms. Our mixture

10/7/2016 Marc Andreessen on Why Software Is Eating the World ­ WSJ

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of nice analysis universities, a pro-risk enterprise tradition, deep swimming pools of innovation-seeking fairness capital and dependable enterprise and contract regulation is unprecedented and unparalleled in the world.

Nonetheless, we face a number of challenges.

Initially, each new firm at this time is being in-built the face of huge financial headwinds, making the problem far higher than it was in the comparatively benign ’90s. The excellent news about constructing an organization throughout instances like that is that the firms that do succeed are going to be extraordinarily robust and resilient. And when the economic system lastly stabilizes, look out—the better of the new firms will develop even quicker.

Secondly, many individuals in the U.S. and round the world lack the schooling and abilities required to take part in the nice new firms popping out of the software program revolution. This can be a tragedy since each firm I work with is totally starved for expertise. Certified software program engineers, managers, entrepreneurs and salespeople in Silicon Valley can rack up dozens of high-paying, high-upside job presents any time they need, whereas nationwide unemployment and underemployment is sky excessive. This downside is even worse than it seems as a result of many employees in present industries will likely be stranded on the mistaken facet of software-based disruption and will by no means be capable to work of their fields once more. There is no manner via this downside apart from schooling, and we’ve an extended technique to go.

Lastly, the new firms have to show their value. They should construct robust cultures, delight their prospects, set up their very own aggressive benefits and, sure, justify their rising valuations. Nobody ought to anticipate constructing a brand new high-growth, software-powered firm in a longtime trade to be simple. It is brutally tough.

I am privileged to work with a few of the better of the new breed of software program firms, and I can inform you they’re actually good at what they do. In the event that they carry out to my and others’ expectations, they’re going to be extremely invaluable cornerstone firms in the world economic system, consuming markets far bigger than the expertise trade has traditionally been in a position to pursue.

As a substitute of regularly questioning their valuations, let’s search to know how the new era of expertise firms are doing what they do, what the broader penalties are for companies and the economic system and what we will collectively do to develop the variety of revolutionary new software program firms created in the U.S. and round the world.

That is the massive alternative. I do know the place I am placing my cash.

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10/7/2016 Marc Andreessen on Why Software Is Eating the World ­ WSJ

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—Mr. Andreessen is co-founder and basic accomplice of the enterprise capital agency Andreessen-Horowitz. He additionally co-founded Netscape, considered one of the first browser firms.

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Marc Andreessen on Why Software Is Eating the World ­ WSJ, 10/7/2016

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This week, Hewlett-Packard (of which I’m a director) introduced that it’s contemplating abandoning its struggling PC enterprise in favor of investing extra closely in software program, the place it sees higher progress potential. In the meantime, Google intends to accumulate Motorola Mobility, a producer of cellphone handsets. The tech world was greatly surprised by each strikes. Nevertheless, each strikes are per a development I’ve observed, one which makes me optimistic about the future progress of the American and world economies, regardless of current inventory market volatility.

In a nutshell, software program is devouring the world.

Greater than a decade after the peak of the dot-com bubble in the 1990s, a dozen or so new Web firms have emerged.

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