Posted: April 3rd, 2022

Saudi Arabia’s Health System

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• Ibraheem Mohammed Ali Alnaheelah

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia lies on the furthermost a part of southwestern Asia. It occupies about four-fifths of the Arab Peninsula, with a complete space of round 2,000,000 sq. kilometers. On 2010, the variety of inhabitants in SA reached to (27.563.432) 9,525,178 male and 9,448,437 feminine and 31% lower than 15 years and 65.37% between 15 and 65 and aged group symbolize 2.86%. A couple of third of inhabitants was non-Saudi (Eight,589,817) got here to authorities with totally different employment contracts.1

Underneath the system of areas issued by the Royal order No. (1/92), dated 27/08/1412 H., the Kingdom has been divided into (13) administrative areas. Every considered one of them is split into a lot of governorates differentiating in quantity from one area to a different in accordance geographical and inhabitants quantity. Earlier than the invention of oil, Saudi society was conventional, remoted and poor which means that the lifestyle was very a lot backward most of them depend upon agriculture and lives shares merchandise. With none well being care organizations and healthcare providers have been largely primarily based on conventional practices and medicines, a lot of the sufferers handled by a few of conventional strategies. On 1926, Saudi Arabia underneath its visionary chief, King Abdulaziz Al-Saud issued a decree establishing a Health Division. Health system one of the vital indicators for creating in every nation, all the governments put the well being providers in entrance of providers which offered to its citizen. Organizations of a well being system totally different from one nation to others in accordance many elements embrace state of price range and nation developed. WHO present some gaudiness to supply well being care to all individuals worldwide and make a few of conversances and assembly for obtain most important goal of well being. The Declaration of Alma-Ata was adopted on the Worldwide Convention on Primary Health Care that outlined major care that offered to all inhabitants and expressed the necessity for pressing motion by all governments to guard and promote all well being of all individuals. Health system in SA offered primarily by ministry of well being along with 10 businesses offered the well being care; some businesses present a few of providers to its worker. Ministry of Protection symbolize second most essential ministry supplies well being providers. It present major care via totally different facilities and secondary care via navy hospitals , all troopers of ministry of protection obtain card for obtain the providers in any middle of care at any areas in Saudi Arabia , mother or father of troopers and their household obtain well being care service by middle of ministry of protection . Ministry of inside supplies well being service additionally. Ministry of Schooling concentrates on preventive care via well being faculty that gives well being training. Armco symbolize one of the vital oil firms on the planet. It supplies the well being providers to its worker. Ministry of well being stills the nook stone of well being in SA. Preventive program began early in al-Qatif and al-Hassa Oasis within the japanese area. On 1950, first marketing campaign towards malaria carried out by Saudi Armco Oil Firm and WHO within the Jap. Some of the porn to the citizen in Saudi Arabia is freed from well being service offered to all residents and expatriates working within the public sector as a result of the target of the Saudi authorities is to supply free medical take care of all.2

13 well being directorates cowl all areas in several areas in Saudi Arabia. Every directorate divided to sectors supplies major care stage and hospitals to supply secondary care stage no less than. The Ministry of Health supplies healthcare providers via a community of major healthcare facilities numbering 2,295 on 2012 situated in each massive cities and small cities. major well being care present the service to all Saudi households who lived in catchment space and households of non Saudi who labored in authorities ,one of the vital essential benefits that help in improvement of well being system is present free preventive service to all inhabitants with out regard to nationalities . enchancment of infra construction appeared clearly in final yr’s and the variety of hospitals enhance to 435 amongst them 78% basic hospital, 10% psychiatric hospital and eight% maternity and baby hospital. On 2012 , variety of beds elevated to achieve 35.825 beds ( 20.9 per 10000 of inhabitants) , 13.6% for pediatric ,13% for medical, 12% for maternity ,11 , 9% for surgical and eight% for ICU beds. 1

Loads of applications launched to the PHC focused on preventive care embrace expanded immunization program which symbolize essentially the most preventive program on the planet, antenatal care, properly child and sexual transmitted illness. Along with preventive care PHCs present healing care, and it take care of a few of emergency case, the secondary care which represented by hospitals cowl the healing providers. There may be referral system between major and secondary instances for session. Most of emergency instances shifted on to the secondary instances via ambulance. Tertiary care present for instances that want particular care. Now there are 5 medical cities underneath development. Group and improvement of well being providers in SA mirrored on inhabitants well being and appeared clearly in most of well being indicators like crude dying fee about which lowered to three.Eight/1000 in contrast with international common 7.9/1000 and neonatal mortality fee 16.2/1000 in contrast with international common 37/1000 and maternal mortality fee decreased to 1.four/10000 in 2010. 1

Growth of well being info system and institution of statistics unit in any respect stage of the well being providers is likely one of the first priorities on the present scenario to attain most advantage of session and save assets and time of medical workers and sufferers’ availability of automated well being info system help present scenario of providers and consider the remedy protocols. Health digital surveillance community is latest digital applications launched by preventive division in ministry of well being to enhance surveillance of communicable illness. three, four

Supply of financing are important part for improvement of well being system in every governments. Greater than 60% of well being providers in SA offered by MOH and the full expenditure on public well being providers come from the governments which funded via oil revenues and it symbolize of one of the vital essential disadvantages in well being system in SA . The budgetary provision for the MOH has continued to extend from 5.1% of the nationwide price range in 1992 to eight% in 2001.^three WHO statistics for 2008 point out that the SA spentUS$621 per particular person on healthcare, of which 77.6% was paid for by the federal government and 16.three% was an out-of-pocket expenditure , the fast progress within the inhabitants with excessive worth of remedy and new know-how appreciable value strain on the federal government along with excessive depletion of providers in well being care middle that got here from free-of-charge providers which embrace medicines and repeat pointless investigations . Additionally, rising a consciousness about well being enhance the challenges on funding of well being providers to accommodate with these elevated in well being care costs and to enhance funding of healthcare in SA. ^{three, 5}

Health insurance coverage started in 2002, regularly elevated of overseas worker in nation was one of the vital issue that speed up introducing of well being assurance, After improved dwelling and elevated financial. In 1960, only1.6% (63,400) of the inhabitants comprised non-Saudis, however in 2005, the quantity elevated to achieve 26.Eight% (6.33 million) consisted of non-Saudis. Health insurance coverage applied in varied section, tens of millions of overseas staff within the nation healthcare at privately owned for-profit amenities has been paid for both by the employer or by the person. the full non-public sector spending on well being, 68% is paid for by the employer within the type of medical insurance premiums, direct funds to suppliers or value of providers offered at company-owned amenities , The federal government now plans to cowl all Saudi residents the transition to a nationwide well being program will lower expenditure of governmental on well being providers and can enhance well being service later in keeping with the excessive competitors within the medical insurance enterprise, which elevated by 57% in 2008 to a complete of US$1.2 billion, in contrast with US$826 million in 2007. ⁵

Non-public well being care sector has grown quickly over previous a number of years and increasing providers to achieve to 2168 medical middle included hospitals and clinic middle and 6974 pharmacy On 2012 and accounting for roughly 21% of all hospital beds on 2005.¹

One other distinctive side of healthcare in Saudi Arabia is that yearly the nation serves greater than 5 million pilgrims and guests to the Holy Mosque in Makkah hajj and omera seasons on of the most typical challenges in face of MOH , In 2012, 69.Eight% of pilgrims got here from outdoors Saudi Arabia, most of them got here from endemic space . The nation serves free well being providers to all hajjis in keeping with the Saudi authorities. MOH assigned 22 hospitals and 165 major care facilities to serve pilgrims throughout the Hajj pilgrimage actions with greater than 9 600 personnel, together with physicians, nurses and different well being personnel, engaged to work in these well being facilities. ¹

Medical workers is a nook stone to develop well being service in any well being system, they impart immediately with sufferers and supply the service to them , sadly, most workers in SA expatriates and a few of them don’t communicate Arabic and have tough communication with the sufferers, it represented considered one of defect in well being system and impact immediately on the well being providers that offered together with well being training that offered to the sufferers and neighborhood. Different elements similar to a excessive workers turnover charges and leaving of expert physicians from MOH middle to a broad or to different non-public sectors along with scarcity of quantity in some specialty all these elements impact on the providers offered to inhabitants and enhance the variety of sufferers in ready listing in hospital.. the excessive variety of commencement from medical impact on the standard of coaching and a few of them didn’t have probability to proceed the coaching later .Research on this topic have additionally famous issues associated to an absence of administration coaching and postgraduate qualifications amongst technical supervisors and mid-level regional managers , with the rise of medical school and enhance variety of commencement the scarcity of Saudi workers nonetheless one of many frequent drawback for well being providers in SA . On 2012 , Saudi doctor represent 21% (4331 male and 2185 feminine) and Saudi nurse 27% (11906 male and 19098 feminine) ., 58.7% of whole medical workers constitutes by Saudi , 9119 Saudi docs from whole variety of docs in MOH 35.841. 45.875 Saudi nurse from whole variety of nurses 82948 and 1810 Saudi pharmacist from whole variety of pharmacist 2154. ^{1, 6, 7}

Usually, Change in Life model throughout final decides impact on well being state of neighborhood, sample of illness modified from communicable ailments to non communicable illness. Saudi Arabia one of many highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus on the planet along with excessive prevalence of different persistent ailments like hyper rigidity , coronary heart illness and weight problems. Value of remedy of persistent ailments excessive and used for lengthy time frame and typically have much less efficient. Round 7 billion riyal served for remedy of diabetes yearly. MOH put loads of plans and introduce many applications to manage of those well being issues. Premarital screening program one of the vital essential applications to scale back the prevalence of sickle cell anemia, thalasemia. It detects hepatitis B, C and AIDS to take early prevention instruments. Additionally there may be early screening program for DM and HTN to forestall problems. For maternity well being there may be program for screening of breast and cervical most cancers one of the vital essential screening applications for maternity well being. In SA, street site visitors accident appeared because the 1^st reason for dying within the nation and mirrored on expenditure of well being service sadly, SA is the best prevalence of RTA on the planet, on 1430, 484805 street site visitors accident registered by ministry of inside 6142 particular person misplaced by these accidents that’s imply greater than 16 particular person misplaced each day along with 34605 injured throughout the identical interval a few of them want remedy in intensive care unit for very long time.^7-Eight

Conclusions

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia lies on the furthermost a part of southwestern Asia and occupied space round 2,000,000 sq. kilometers and inhabitants round (27.563.432). Health system in Saudi Arabia present free service to all citizen and worker of presidency .sadly, the free service have oblique impact on expenditure of assets in well being system ,. Health system consists of complete providers which began from major well being care middle that coated all rural and concrete space and supply preventive and healing providers. 435 hospitals unfold within the nation to supply secondary and tertiary well being care service. 5 medical cities will help tertiary stage of care in future . complete well being providers replicate on well being standing of inhabitants and result in lower neonatal dying fee and maternal mortality fee to stage underneath than international common. The well being providers offered by different businesses like ministry of protection, ministry of inside and ministry of training along with non-public facilities. Medical workers represents a very powerful subject in entrance of stakeholders. Regardless of of enhance variety of medical school, Saudi medical workers nonetheless underneath expectancy stage and a lot of the well being providers offered by non Saudi. High quality of coaching in postgraduate have to be improved to take care of the next variety of graduations from medical school. .there was loads of applications launched by MOH in final decides to the inhabitants and confirmed good influence on well being, Expanded Program of Immunization symbolize the perfect preventive program and protection of the immunization for some illness exceed on 99% and no notified for some focused ailments of immunization like a polio. Premarital screening program present a great counseling to lower the case of Sickle Cell Anemia and thalasemia and in addition help in management hepatitis B,C and AIDS Funding of well being system depends upon governments and MOH present providers to greater than 60%of inhabitants. At present, seek for different supply of funding is highest precedence to compensate on the excessive expenditure of providers and elevated of worth of know-how and medicines , medical insurance one of many choices to help well being system after starting of insurance coverage of overseas worker and Saudi worker in non-public firm . Life model change of Saudi inhabitants impact on well being standing typically, enhance of prevalence of DM and HTN symbolize one of many 1^st precedence in entrance of well being planner to scale back. RTA represents one of many highest prevalence on the planet.. Growth of digital info connection all stage of well being care to help medical workers to entry all essential info at any middle and supply good choice to scale back waste of assets. Lastly to enhance the well being system want good analyses of the present scenario and determines priorities of providers along with consider preventive measures and make good coordination with different businesses to supply good well being service. Lastly ,free well being providers to Saudi citizen and complete care along with launched efficient preventive applications are most constructive points in well being system whereas the supply of funding with scarcity skilled skilled workers is essentially the most unfavourable factors of well being system that might want to enhance in future.

References:

1. Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia. Health Statistical Yr Guide 1433-2012. Riyadh: Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 2012:33-89
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7. Zohair A. Sebai, Waleed A. Milaat, , Abdulmohsen A. Al-Zulaibani, well being care providers in Saudi Arabia : previous ,current and future, Household Group Med. 2001 Sep-Dec; Eight(three): 19–23.
8. Ministry of inside, Saudi Arabia. Accident Statistical Yr Guide 1430. Riyadh: Ministry of intreior, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 1430:37-50