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Posted: December 20th, 2021
Advanced Pathophysiology, Post a brief description of a patient scenario involving the disorder
In clinical settings, some of the most common questions that patients ask are Why do I have this? What caused this disorder? Will it ever go away? These emotional questions can be difficult to ask and to answer. However, for patients to come to terms with their diagnoses and adhere to treatment plans, they must have an understanding of factors that might have caused, or continue to impact, their disorders. As an advanced practice nurse, it is important that you are able to explain disorders, associated alterations and symptoms, and changes that might occur within your patients’ bodies.
To Prepare
Review this week’s media presentation with Dr. Terry Buttaro. Reflect on the importance of developing an in-depth understanding of pathophysiology.
Select a disorder from the following list:
Adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease)
Atherosclerosis
Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
Colon cancer
Cystic fibrosis
Hemophilia
Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
Osteoporosis
Parkinson’s disease
Tuberculosis
Select one of the following patient factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how that factor might impact your selected disorder, as well as potential associated alterations and symptoms.
Identify the pathophysiology of the associated alterations, including the normal and altered cellular function. Consider both intra- and extra-cellular changes that occur.
Post a brief description of a patient scenario involving the disorder and the factor you selected. Explain how the factor might impact your selected disorder, as well as potential associated alterations and symptoms. Finally, explain the pathophysiology of the associated alterations, including changes in cellular function.
All references used are are from credible sources (i.e., textbook, publications, etc.). Sources such as drugs.com, Medscape.com, etc., can be used, but they CANNOT be the only sources you have. Nothing less than 5 years. Here are two sources for this course: Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Hammer, G. D., & McPhee, S. J. (2019).
Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Sample Answer
Pathophysiology
The selected disorder is cystic fibrosis and the patient factor is genetic. It is an inherited condition that leads to severe damage to the lungs as well as the digestive system (Hammer & McPhee, 2019). The disorder is a result of mucus secretion by the body that clogs the lungs and the pancreas. According to Huether and McCance (2017), the first symptom of the disorder is a salty sweat as a result of the complications in the body. The scenario is a woman who has a 10-year-old girl. The child has experienced retarded growth over the last two years. The child frequently has a salty sweat which is abnormal compared to other children of her age.
The genetic factor has an impact on the disorder since it is a recessive condition that occurs as a result of defects in the CFTR gene (Brown, White & Tobin, 2017). The gene encodes a protein responsible for regulating the flow of ions across the surface of epithelial cells. McCague et al. (2019) indicate that the defects in the gene result in an unregulated flow of the ions and finally result in the production of mucus that clogs the lungs and other parts of the body. It also results in a salty sweat since the salt and water in the body are not properly regulated.
The condition leads to changes in the cellular functions since it causes defects in the cells that secrete water, salt, and mucus (Haq, Gray, Garnett, Ward & Brodlie, 2016). The role of epithelial cells is to produce a thin and watery mucus responsible for protecting the cells. However, for people with defects in the CFTR genes, the thick mucus clogs the airways. It is important for a person to seek early treatment since the condition can get worse and life-threatening.
References
Brown, S. D., White, R., & Tobin, P. (2017). Keep them breathing: Cystic fibrosis pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Journal of the American Academy of PAs, 30(5), 23-27.
Haq, I. J., Gray, M. A., Garnett, J. P., Ward, C., & Brodlie, M. (2016). Airway surface liquid homeostasis in cystic fibrosis: pathophysiology and therapeutic targets. Thorax, 71(3), 284-287.
Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Hammer, G. D., & McPhee, S. J. (2019). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
McCague, A. F., Raraigh, K. S., Pellicore, M. J., Davis-Marcisak, E. F., Evans, T. A., Han, S. T., … & Collaco, J. M. (2019). Correlating cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator function with clinical features to inform precision treatment of cystic fibrosis. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 199(9), 1116-1126.
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